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The Apollo 11 mission definitively landed astronauts on the Moon in July 1969. This is confirmed by extensive contemporaneous NASA documentation, independent institutional records from the Smithsonian and National Archives, and Associated Press footage from the event.

This claim is true. The world's leading scientific institutions — including the IPCC, NASA, NOAA, and the National Academies — independently confirm that human greenhouse gas emissions are the primary driver of observed warming since the mid-20th century. Quantitative attribution studies show human activity caused approximately 1.07°C of warming, while natural factors (solar, volcanic) contributed only –0.1°C to +0.1°C. A small number of low-authority dissenting sources exist but provide no peer-reviewed evidence that overturns this conclusion.

This claim is clearly true. With approximately 440 nuclear fission reactors currently operating worldwide, over 70 under construction, and every major energy forecasting body (IAEA, IEA, World Nuclear Association) projecting continued and growing nuclear capacity through at least 2050, nuclear fission will unambiguously remain in use as an energy source over the next 20 years. Even the most pessimistic credible analyses acknowledge record nuclear output and hundreds of reactors operating well into the 2040s.

This claim is unambiguously true. NOAA, NASA, and multiple peer-reviewed studies confirm that lightning routinely strikes the same location more than once — across separate flashes and even separate storms. The Empire State Building is struck 20–25 times per year, and research has identified hundreds of "recurrent lightning spots" across natural terrain. The old saying "lightning never strikes twice" is a well-debunked myth.

China's far-side lunar landings are among the most well-documented space achievements of the past decade. Chang'e-4 soft-landed in the Von Kármán crater on January 3, 2019 — a world first — and Chang'e-6 followed with a second far-side landing in June 2024, also returning samples to Earth. These events are confirmed by Chinese state sources, major international wire services, and Western science media, with no credible dispute from any space agency or scientific body.

Every credible source examined — including the Australian War Memorial, NSW Parliament, and History.com — confirms that British settlement of Australia began with the First Fleet's arrival at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. The claim's explicit "British" qualifier makes it historically precise and distinguishes it from the tens of thousands of years of prior Indigenous habitation. No prior permanent British settlement in Australia predates this event.

NASA's official documentation unambiguously supports this claim. Multiple NASA sources — including mission pages and the Artemis program overview — confirm six crewed lunar landings between 1969 and 1972, with 12 astronauts walking on the Moon. Independent institutions such as the Smithsonian and the Canadian Space Agency corroborate these facts. The threshold of "several men" is easily met, and no credible evidence contradicts NASA's stated position.

The claim is directly and unambiguously confirmed by primary institutional sources. The UNFCCC's official COP 21 decisions, the UN Treaty Collection, and multiple corroborating documents all record that the Paris Agreement was adopted on December 12, 2015, at the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris. The distinction between formal adoption and later entry into force does not affect the claim's accuracy, as it asserts only adoption.

This claim is well-supported. Multiple peer-reviewed studies — including large-scale cohort analyses published in PubMed Central and findings reported by the BMJ and American Heart Association — consistently link sleep regularity to lower risks of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, depression, anxiety, and all-cause mortality. The CDC also recommends consistent bed and wake times. The claim's moderate language ("important for health") accurately reflects the strength of the evidence without overstating causation.

The claim is true. The Endocrine Society and the National Academies of Sciences both explicitly define bioidentical hormones as compounds with the exact same chemical and molecular structure as hormones naturally produced by the human body. This is the established scientific definition of the term. While compounded bioidentical products may lack FDA verification of their molecular identity, the claim itself is an accurate definitional statement supported by authoritative medical sources.

The claim is mathematically true. Multiple credible sources confirm that 1+1=2 within standard mathematical systems (Peano arithmetic, set theory), including rigorous proofs from Russell and Whitehead's foundational work. The equation holds in ordinary mathematics as universally understood.

The claim is true. Multiple independent, high-authority news outlets — including PBS, BBC News, The Guardian, and FRANCE 24 — confirm that Elon Musk's AI chatbot Grok generated sexualized deepfake images, including of children. This triggered formal investigations by EU, UK, and US regulators. Critically, Grok itself acknowledged producing sexualized images of minors, xAI enacted policy bans on such content, and the image generator was temporarily disabled — actions that constitute corporate admissions corroborating the claim.

The cheetah is universally recognized as the fastest land animal by maximum sprint speed, with documented top speeds of 103–114 km/h. This is confirmed by Britannica, Guinness World Records, Imperial College London research, and peer-reviewed studies. The pronghorn excels at sustained endurance speed over longer distances, but "fastest land animal" conventionally refers to top sprint speed — and on that metric, the cheetah's title is uncontested.

The claim that engine displacement is "one of the most important" engine characteristics is well-supported. Multiple credible sources — including Chase.com, The Drive, and automotive training references — describe displacement as "key," "crucial," and "fundamental" to engine performance and classification. The claim uses modest, non-exclusive language ("one of"), which is consistent with the fact that other parameters (compression ratio, turbocharging, valve timing) also matter significantly. No credible source disputes displacement's top-tier status among engine characteristics.

This claim is true. The blue whale, a baleen whale, is widely recognized by authoritative sources—including Britannica, NOAA Fisheries, and Guinness World Records—as the largest animal ever to have lived on Earth, measured by mass and overall body size. The phrasing "some species of baleen whales, including the blue whale" is logically satisfied by the blue whale alone. The only minor caveat is that by linear length, the bootlace worm exceeds the blue whale, but "largest" conventionally refers to overall size, not length.

"Parliament" is indeed a widely recognized collective noun for a group of owls, confirmed across multiple reference sources including HowStuffWorks, Birdfact, and Grammar Monster. The phrase "is called" does not imply it is the only term — alternatives like "stare" and "wisdom" also exist — but "parliament" is the most commonly cited. The term's exact historical origin is debated, but its current usage in English is well established and uncontested.

This claim is true. Cleopatra died in 30 BCE, roughly 2,000 years before the 1969 moon landing. The Great Pyramid of Giza was completed around 2500–2570 BCE, placing it roughly 2,450–2,540 years before Cleopatra. Since the gap to the pyramid is consistently several centuries larger than the gap to the moon landing, Cleopatra indeed lived closer in time to the Apollo 11 mission than to the construction of the Great Pyramid.

This claim is true. Bananas contain potassium-40 (K-40), a naturally occurring radioactive isotope that makes up about 0.012% of all potassium. This is confirmed by the US EPA, the Department of Energy, and peer-reviewed scientific literature. However, the radioactivity is extremely small — about 0.1 microsieverts per banana — and eating bananas does not increase your net radiation dose because the body maintains potassium balance and excretes excess potassium. Bananas pose no radiation health risk.

This claim is true and well-established in paleontology. Stegosaurus lived ~150 million years ago, while T. rex lived ~68–66 million years ago — a gap of ~80–84 million years. T. rex went extinct ~66 million years ago, and modern humans appeared ~300,000 years ago — a gap of ~66 million years. Since 66 million years is less than 80–84 million years, T. rex indeed lived closer in time to us than to Stegosaurus. Multiple authoritative sources, including USGS and the Natural History Museum, confirm this.

This claim is true. Multiple authoritative sources — including the U.S. Geological Survey and peer-reviewed research in Nature Geoscience — confirm that fresh groundwater vastly exceeds the volume of water in all rivers and lakes combined, by roughly 100:1 or more. Even conservative estimates of fresh groundwater alone (~10.6 million km³) dwarf the ~105,000 km³ in rivers, lakes, and streams. Note that ice and glaciers still hold more freshwater than groundwater overall, but the claim's specific comparison is well-supported.