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Claim analyzed

“Bananas are radioactive.”

The Conclusion

The claim is
True
9/10

Executive Summary

Bananas are indeed radioactive due to naturally occurring potassium-40, which undergoes radioactive decay and emits radiation. However, the radioactivity is extremely minimal (~0.01 mrem dose) and poses no health risk since potassium doesn't accumulate in the body.

Warnings

  • The claim is misleading without context—banana radioactivity is extremely minimal and poses zero health risk, unlike what 'radioactive' might imply to most people.
  • Many common foods and even humans are similarly 'radioactive' due to natural potassium-40, making bananas unremarkable in this regard.
  • The 'Banana Equivalent Dose' is an informal communication tool, not a formal scientific standard, so its prominence can overstate the significance.
Episode 1 The Radioactive Banana: Fact or Fruity Fiction?
Full Analysis

The Claim

How we interpreted the user input

Intent

The user wants to know if bananas contain radioactive elements and if they pose any health risks.

Testable Claim

The user's input, neutralized and hardened into a testable hypothesis

“Bananas are radioactive.”

The Research

What we found online

Summary of Findings

12 sources used 12 supporting

All sources are listed in the Sources section at the end of this report.

The Debate

The for and against arguments

P
Proponent Argues TRUE

The claim that bananas are radioactive is unequivocally supported by authoritative scientific sources, with Source 1 (U.S. Department of Energy) confirming that bananas contain naturally occurring potassium-40 radionuclides that emit 0.01 millirem of radiation, while Source 4 (McGill University Office for Science and Society) precisely quantifies that bananas contain 450 mg of potassium with K-40 atoms that spontaneously decay and release beta radiation and gamma rays. This radioactivity is so well-established that the scientific community has created the "Banana Equivalent Dose" (BED) as a standard unit of measurement for radiation exposure, as documented by Sources 2 (PubMed), 5 (Versant Physics), and 10 (Demystifying Radiation), demonstrating that banana radioactivity is not only factual but serves as a fundamental reference point in radiation science.

O
Opponent Rebuttal

You're treating “contains trace K‑40 that decays” as identical to the everyday claim “bananas are radioactive,” but your own cited authorities frame it as a trivial, negligible exposure (~0.01 mrem in Source 1, U.S. Department of Energy) and explicitly warn against overinterpreting it—there's no meaningful buildup or net increase in a person's radioactivity because potassium is regulated and excreted (Source 12, McGill University; echoed in Source 3, University of California). And your appeal to the Banana Equivalent Dose is a category error: Source 2 (PubMed) and Source 10 (Demystifying Radiation) describe BED as an informal communication tool for contextualizing doses, not evidence that “banana radioactivity” is a “standard unit” or that the motion's categorical phrasing is substantively true.

O
Opponent Argues FALSE

The motion is misleadingly false because it equivocates between “contains a naturally occurring radioactive isotope” and “is radioactive” in any practically meaningful sense: Source 3 (University of California) and Source 12 (McGill University) explicitly note there's no buildup from eating bananas due to potassium homeostasis, so the banana does not make you more radioactive in net terms. Even the pro-motion sources concede the effect is negligible (e.g., ~0.01 mrem in Source 1 (U.S. Department of Energy) and “far less than background” in Source 6 (University of Wollongong)), which undercuts the categorical claim as a substantive statement about the banana rather than a trivial fact about trace K-40 present in most foods.

P
Proponent Rebuttal

Your argument commits the fallacy of moving the goalposts by arbitrarily redefining "radioactive" to exclude naturally occurring radiation emission, when Source 1 (U.S. Department of Energy) and Source 4 (McGill University Office for Science and Society) definitively establish that bananas emit measurable radiation through spontaneous K-40 decay. You're conflating the separate question of net biological accumulation with the objective physical fact of radioactive emission - Source 8 (BBC Science Focus) confirms bananas are radioactive regardless of metabolic processing, just as a glowing lightbulb remains luminous whether or not it increases room brightness.

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The Adjudication

How each panelist evaluated the evidence and arguments

Panelist 1 — The Source Auditor
Focus: Source Reliability & Independence
True
9/10

High-authority, independent sources—including the U.S. Department of Energy (Source 1, energy.gov) and multiple university explainers (Sources 3 UC, 4 McGill OSS, 6 U. Wollongong)—explicitly state bananas are slightly radioactive due to naturally occurring potassium-40, with DOE even quantifying a tiny dose (~0.01 mrem). The opponent's cited points about negligible risk and no bodily buildup (Sources 3 and 12) do not refute the core claim that the banana itself contains a radionuclide and emits radiation, so the claim is true in the literal scientific sense.

Weakest Sources

Source 10 (Demystifying Radiation) is weak/opaque because the provided link is a redirect/aggregator URL rather than a clearly attributable primary publication, making provenance and independence hard to verify.Source 11 (About Radioactive Bananas) is low-authority and not clearly institutional/peer-reviewed, so it adds little beyond what stronger sources already establish.Source 5 (Versant Physics) appears to be a private blog-style explainer with limited editorial oversight and includes questionable framing (e.g., 'radioactive particles in the air' deposition) that is not needed to support the core K-40 point.
Confidence: 8/10
Panelist 2 — The Logic Examiner
Focus: Inferential Soundness & Fallacies
True
9/10

The evidence directly establishes that bananas contain potassium-40 which undergoes spontaneous radioactive decay emitting beta and gamma radiation (Sources 1, 4, 7, 8, 9), making them objectively radioactive by the scientific definition of emitting ionizing radiation. The opponent's rebuttal commits an equivocation fallacy by conflating "radioactive" (emits radiation) with "causes net increase in human radioactivity" (biological effect), but the claim's truth depends solely on whether bananas emit radiation—which all twelve sources confirm they do—not on whether that emission is practically significant or accumulates in the body.

Logical Fallacies

Equivocation (Opponent): Conflates 'radioactive' (emits radiation) with 'meaningfully increases radioactivity' or 'poses risk,' changing the definition mid-argument to reject a claim that is true under the standard scientific definitionMoving the goalposts (Opponent): Shifts from whether bananas emit radiation to whether that emission is 'practically meaningful' or causes 'net buildup,' introducing criteria not present in the original claimRed herring (Opponent): Introduces potassium homeostasis and biological excretion as counterarguments when these address health effects rather than the physical property of radioactive emission
Confidence: 9/10
Panelist 3 — The Context Analyst
Focus: Completeness & Framing
Mostly True
8/10

The claim omits key framing: bananas are only “slightly” radioactive due to naturally occurring K-40 and the resulting dose is tiny (~0.01 mrem) and not biologically cumulative because potassium is homeostatically regulated and excreted, so eating bananas doesn't meaningfully increase net body radioactivity (Sources 1 U.S. DOE; 3 University of California; 6 University of Wollongong; 12 McGill OSS). Even with that context, the literal statement that bananas are radioactive remains accurate because they contain K-40 that decays and emits radiation, but it can mislead if interpreted as implying danger or unusual exposure (Sources 1, 4 McGill OSS, 8 BBC Science Focus).

Missing Context

“Radioactive” here means trace natural K-40 in potassium; many foods (and humans) are similarly slightly radioactive (Sources 7 World Nuclear Association; 8 BBC Science Focus).The dose from a banana is extremely small (~0.01 mrem / 0.1 µSv) and far below everyday background radiation (Sources 1 U.S. DOE; 6 University of Wollongong).Eating bananas does not cause radioactive potassium to build up in the body because potassium levels are regulated and excess is excreted (Sources 3 University of California; 12 McGill OSS).The Banana Equivalent Dose is mainly an informal risk-communication analogy rather than a formal “standard unit,” so citing it can overstate scientific significance (Sources 2 PubMed; 10 Demystifying Radiation).
Confidence: 8/10

Adjudication Summary

All three evaluation axes strongly supported the claim's literal truth. Source quality was excellent (9/10) with authoritative institutions like the U.S. Department of Energy confirming bananas contain radioactive potassium-40. Logic was sound (9/10) as the evidence directly establishes radioactive emission, though opponents incorrectly conflated "radioactive" with "dangerous." Context scored slightly lower (8/10) because while technically accurate, the claim lacks important framing about the trivial radiation levels and absence of health risks.

Consensus

The claim is
True
9/10
Confidence: 8/10 Spread: 1 pts

Sources

Sources used in the analysis

#2 PubMed
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#5 Versant Physics 2025-07-30
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#6 University of Wollongong 2022-01-01
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#10 Demystifying Radiation 2025-07-30
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#12 McGill University 2018-03-15
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