“Bulls are provoked by the color red.”

The most reliable sources - West Texas A&M University (0.9 authority) citing Temple Grandin's research and Live Science (0.8 authority) - clearly state bulls are color-blind to red and cannot see the color, with multiple independent sources confirming bulls react to movement rather than color. The claim is false because trustworthy evidence consistently refutes that red color provokes bulls, with controlled experiments showing identical reactions to different colored moving objects.

The evidence chain is unambiguous: all 13 sources (including high-authority Source 1 West Texas A&M and Source 2 Live Science) establish bulls are dichromats lacking red receptors, and Source 8 (Moneycontrol) provides controlled experimental evidence that bulls react identically to red, blue, and white moving objects, directly refuting any causal role for the color red itself. The claim "bulls are provoked by the color red" is logically false because the evidence demonstrates movement—not the color red—is the actual causal trigger, and the proponent's rebuttal commits a post hoc fallacy by conflating temporal sequence (red cape precedes charge) with causation when experimental data explicitly isolates and eliminates color as the variable.

The claim omits the critical context that bulls are dichromatic and cannot perceive red wavelengths (Sources 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 12), and that controlled experiments show bulls react identically to moving objects of all colors—red, blue, or white (Source 8). Once this context is restored, the claim is fundamentally false: bulls are provoked by movement and perceived threat, not by the color red itself, making the claim's framing a classic example of confusing correlation (red capes precede charges in bullfighting) with causation (red causes the charge).