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Claim analyzed

“Eating spicy food can cause stomach ulcers.”

The Conclusion

The claim is
False
2/10

Executive Summary

Spicy food does not cause stomach (peptic) ulcers. The best evidence and major medical sources attribute ulcers mainly to H. pylori infection and NSAID use; spicy foods may irritate the stomach or worsen symptoms in people who already have an ulcer, which is why some are advised to limit them.

Warnings

  • Do not confuse symptom flare-ups (pain/heartburn) after spicy food with ulcer formation; irritation is not causation.
  • Advice to avoid spicy foods in ulcer patients is typically for symptom control, not evidence that spicy foods create ulcers.
  • The claim's broad wording ignores the established primary causes (H. pylori, NSAIDs), which changes the overall conclusion.
Full Analysis

The Claim

How we interpreted the user input

Intent

User wants to know if there is a causal relationship between consuming spicy food and developing stomach ulcers

Testable Claim

The user's input, neutralized and hardened into a testable hypothesis

“Eating spicy food can cause stomach ulcers.”

The Research

What we found online

Summary of Findings

21 sources used 21 refuting

All sources are listed in the Sources section at the end of this report.

The Debate

The for and against arguments

P
Proponent Argues TRUE

While the evidence is limited, the widespread historical belief that spicy foods cause ulcers persists because spicy foods can irritate existing ulcers and cause stomach discomfort, as acknowledged by Source 2 (MedicalNewsToday) and Source 18 (Pantai Hospitals), creating a logical connection between spicy food consumption and ulcer-related symptoms. The fact that people with ulcers are still "advised either to limit or avoid" spicy foods according to Source 1 (PubMed) suggests that medical professionals recognize a meaningful relationship between spicy food and ulcer formation or exacerbation.

O
Opponent Rebuttal

You're committing a classic correlation/causation error: Sources 2 (MedicalNewsToday) and 18 (Pantai Hospitals) explicitly distinguish “irritate existing ulcers / worsen symptoms” from “cause ulcers,” so symptom flare-ups don't logically imply ulcer formation. And you cherry-pick Source 1 (PubMed) by quoting the “advised to limit or avoid” line while ignoring its central conclusion that capsaicin is “not the cause for ulcer formation” and may be protective via reduced acid and increased mucus/blood flow—so your inference about clinicians “recognizing” causation is directly contradicted by the same source.

O
Opponent Argues FALSE

The motion is false because the highest-authority evidence in the brief explicitly states chili/capsaicin is “not the cause for ulcer formation” and instead supports protective, ulcer-preventing mechanisms (Source 1, PubMed: “Capsaicin and gastric ulcers”; also echoed in Source 4). Multiple clinical-facing summaries likewise report no research linking spicy foods to causing peptic ulcers and identify H. pylori infection and NSAID use as the primary causes, with spicy foods at most irritating existing ulcers rather than creating them (Source 2, MedicalNewsToday; Source 3, MU Health Care; Source 6, UChicago Medicine; Source 7, University Hospitals).

P
Proponent Rebuttal

Your argument conflates causation with irritation, but you ignore that Source 1 and Source 18 explicitly acknowledge that people with ulcers are still "advised either to limit or avoid" spicy foods, indicating that medical professionals recognize a meaningful clinical relationship between spicy food consumption and ulcer complications that supports the motion's validity. You cherry-pick the protective mechanisms while dismissing the consistent evidence across multiple sources that spicy foods can worsen existing ulcers and cause stomach discomfort, which demonstrates a causal pathway between spicy food consumption and ulcer-related pathology.

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The Adjudication

How each panelist evaluated the evidence and arguments

Panelist 1 — The Source Auditor
Focus: Source Reliability & Independence
False
2/10

The most reliable sources are PubMed (Sources 1 & 4, authority score 0.9-0.85), major medical institutions like UChicago Medicine and University of Missouri Health Care (Sources 3, 6, 7, 10, 20, 21), and MedicalNewsToday (Source 2), all of which consistently refute the claim by stating that spicy foods/capsaicin do not cause ulcers and may actually provide protective benefits through inhibiting acid secretion and stimulating protective mechanisms. Based on this overwhelming consensus from highly authoritative, independent medical sources that explicitly state spicy foods do not cause stomach ulcers, with the real causes being H. pylori bacteria and NSAIDs, the claim is false.

Weakest Sources

Sources 17 & 19 from individual practitioners/clinics have lower authority scores (0.65-0.6) compared to major medical institutions and PubMedMultiple duplicate sources from Liv Hospital (Sources 5, 8, 11, 14) appear to be republishing the same content without independent verification
Confidence: 9/10
Panelist 2 — The Logic Examiner
Focus: Inferential Soundness & Fallacies
False
2/10

The proponent infers “can cause ulcers” from evidence that spicy foods can irritate existing ulcers and from advice to avoid them, but irritation/avoidance does not logically entail ulcer formation and Source 1's own conclusion explicitly denies causation (“not the cause for ulcer formation”), while multiple other sources also explicitly distinguish symptom worsening from causing ulcers (Sources 2, 3, 6, 18). Because the evidence directly refutes the causal claim and the proponent's chain relies on invalid inference beyond the evidence's scope, the claim is false.

Logical Fallacies

Correlation/causation (and equivocation): infers ulcer formation from symptom irritation/worsening noted in Sources 2 and 18, which explicitly say this is different from causing ulcers.Cherry-picking/quote-mining: cites Source 1's “advised to limit or avoid” while ignoring the same source's central statement that capsaicin is not a cause of ulcer formation.Appeal to tradition: treats “widespread historical belief” as support for truth rather than evidence of causation.
Confidence: 8/10
Panelist 3 — The Context Analyst
Focus: Completeness & Framing
False
2/10

The claim omits the key contextual distinction repeatedly made in the evidence: spicy foods may irritate symptoms or aggravate discomfort in people who already have an ulcer, but they are not shown to cause ulcer formation, with primary causes being H. pylori infection and NSAID use (Sources 2, 3, 7, 15, 18). With that context restored, the overall impression that spicy food can cause stomach ulcers is contradicted by the cited medical summaries and even by the PubMed review noting capsaicin is “not the cause for ulcer formation” and may be protective (Sources 1, 4).

Missing Context

Evidence distinguishes symptom irritation/worsening of existing ulcers from causing new ulcers (Sources 2, 15, 18).Main established causes of peptic/stomach ulcers are H. pylori infection and NSAID use, not spicy food (Sources 3, 7, 15, 18).Capsaicin is described in the PubMed review as not causing ulcers and potentially protective (Sources 1, 4).Advice to limit spicy foods in ulcer patients is about symptom management, not evidence of causation (Sources 1, 2, 18).
Confidence: 8/10

Adjudication Summary

All three panelists independently rate the claim as False (2/10) with high confidence, so the consensus rule applies. Source quality: the most credible, independent medical references cited (PubMed reviews and major academic/health-system pages) explicitly state spicy foods/capsaicin do not cause ulcer formation and may be protective; they identify H. pylori and NSAID use as the main causes. Logic: the proponent's argument incorrectly infers causation from symptom irritation and from “avoid spicy foods” advice, which the same sources frame as symptom management, not ulcer causation. Context: the claim omits the key distinction between worsening symptoms of an existing ulcer vs causing a new ulcer, making the statement materially misleading and, as phrased (“can cause”), unsupported.

Consensus

The claim is
False
2/10
Confidence: 8/10 Unanimous

Sources

Sources used in the analysis

#1 PubMed
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#4 PubMed
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#6 UChicago Medicine 2018-09
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#8 Liv Hospital 2025-12-29
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#9 Examine.com 2025-05-16
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#11 Liv Hospital 2025-12-29
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#12 Examine.com 2025-05-16
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#13 Continental Hospitals 2025-05-28
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#14 Liv Hospital 2025-12-29
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#15 Continental Hospitals 2025-05-28
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#16 Ogden Clinic 2018-11-13
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#17 Laparoscopic Surgeon 2025-09-19
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#18 Pantai Hospitals 2025-07-18
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#20 UChicago Medicine 2018-09-24
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