Claim analyzed

Politics

“Roberto Sánchez's vote increments in the 2026 Peruvian general election, between 63.3% and 91.3% of counted actas, display a statistically anomalous linear pattern that is inconsistent with natural demographic variation.”

The conclusion

False
2/10

No source in the available evidence presents the statistical analysis, increment series, or anomaly test that this claim treats as established fact. Multiple credible outlets — including the EU observer mission, AFP, and MercoPress — attribute Roberto Sánchez's vote gains during the cited window to the well-documented compositional effect of late-arriving rural and Andean ballot tallies, which is a textbook example of natural demographic variation, not an anomaly inconsistent with it.

Based on 30 sources: 2 supporting, 14 refuting, 14 neutral.

Caveats

  • The core empirical premise — a 'statistically anomalous linear pattern' between 63.3% and 91.3% of counted actas — is entirely unsubstantiated; no source provides the underlying data series, regression, or formal anomaly test.
  • Multiple credible sources explicitly explain Sánchez's vote rise as a normal compositional shift from geographically clustered rural/Andean actas counted later in the process, directly contradicting the claim that the pattern is 'inconsistent with natural demographic variation.'
  • The claim echoes fraud-adjacent narratives rejected by the EU observer mission and international monitors; framing a normal counting pattern as 'anomalous' without evidence can undermine public trust in legitimate electoral processes.

Sources

Sources used in the analysis

#1
News 2026-04-16 | Peru's 2026 Elections: Here is the link to view ONPE presidential results online | News
NEUTRAL

Citizens can access the link on the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) 2026 General Elections official website, which allows users to track the official results of the vote count as electoral records are processed at the institution's 126 computing centers. Through the web portal resultadoelectoral.onpe.gob.pe, both overall and disaggregated results are published, along with voting records in digital format, enabling political organizations and observers to download records in bulk for precise monitoring.

#2
ONPE - Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales 2026-04-17 | ONPE - PRESENTACIÓN DE RESULTADOS
NEUTRAL

Official results platform of Peru's National Electoral Office (ONPE) for the 2026 general elections, providing real-time vote counts and acta processing data.

#3
AFP 2026-04-15 | EU observer mission finds no evidence of fraud in Peru elections | AFP - YouTube
REFUTE

The head of the European Union's election observer mission, Annalisa Corrado, stated, "We have not found any objective elements to say that the narrative of fraud could have concrete grounds at this point," when asked about evidence of fraud in Peru's elections. Official counts from Sunday's elections, which ran into Monday due to logistical issues, show right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori as the front-runner with around 17 percent of votes, with more than 87 percent of ballots counted.

#4
EFE 2026-04-14 | EU calls Peru's elections transparent and free of fraud, despite 'serious problems' - EFE
REFUTE

The European Union electoral observation mission in Peru affirmed that the general elections held on Sunday and Monday were transparent, despite the «serious problems» in the distribution of electoral material. Mission head Annalisa Corrado stated, «We have not found objective evidence to support the allegations of fraud at this point. It is clear that there were serious problems, such as 13 polling centers not opening.»

#5
Americas Quarterly 2026-04-15 | REACTION: Peru Braces for a Polarizing Fujimori-Sánchez Runoff - Americas Quarterly
REFUTE

With 91.5% of the votes counted, Keiko Fujimori leads with 17% of valid votes and will advance to the runoff on June 7. Less clear is the second place, disputed between right-wing entrepreneur Rafael Lopez de Aliaga with 11.9%, and radical left-wing Roberto Sanchez with 12%. Sánchez, a leftist who built his campaign on a vindication of former President Pedro Castillo, has become the latest representative of an electoral antagonism that has marked Peru's 21st century: candidates supported by provinces most connected to markets and the state versus those most disconnected from both.

#6
Infobae 2026-04-16 | Actas impugnadas mantienen en vilo a Perú: Más de 5.200 decidirán al rival de Keiko Fujimori en las elecciones 2026
NEUTRAL

The official recount with 92.96% of polling stations processed shows a difference of less than 10,000 votes between Roberto Sánchez and Rafael López Aliaga, both contenders for second place. More than 5,200 challenged actas will determine who faces Keiko Fujimori in the runoff, in a process where each vote acquires special weight. Electoral justice will be responsible for reviewing actas observed for inconsistencies or irregularities.

#7
MercoPress 2026-04-14 | Peru reaches 72% of vote count with Fujimori ahead and second place disputed among three candidates - MercoPress
REFUTE

With 72% of ballots processed by the National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) early Tuesday morning, Keiko Fujimori (Fuerza Popular) holds first place... Second place, which grants entry to the June 7 runoff, remains open: Rafael López Aliaga (Renovación Popular) stands at 13.0%, Jorge Nieto (Buen Gobierno) at 12.0% and leftist Roberto Sánchez (Juntos por el Perú) at 9.73%, with the gap narrowing as ballots from the country's interior are added. López Aliaga concentrates his vote in Lima... Sánchez, conversely, registers just 3% in Lima but reaches 17.1% in the regions, whose ballots are the last to enter the ONPE system.

#8
DNews - YouTube 2026-04-15 | Surprise in Peru: the left enters the runoff and electoral tension grows | DNews - YouTube
REFUTE

During the early hours in Peru, with 91.12% of the electoral actas counted, it was confirmed that the left, represented by Roberto Sánchez Palomino, candidate of Juntos por el Perú and ally of Pedro Castillo, managed to access the second electoral round. Sánchez's advance occurred as votes from rural areas, which take longer to arrive, were incorporated into the count.

#9
Newsday 2026-04-16 | Allies of disgraced former presidents lead in Peru presidential election - Newsday
NEUTRAL

With 90% of the ballots counted, official results on Wednesday showed Fujimori leading with 16.98% of the votes, while Sánchez had earned 12.04%. Trailing narrowly in third place was Rafael López Aliaga, the ultraconservative former mayor of Peru's capital, Lima, with 11.90%. The sluggish pace of the count mirrored Peru's 2021 presidential election, a contest where final tallies were not completed until five days after polls closed.

#10
piratewireservices.com 2026-04-15 | Roller-coaster vote count as leftist candidate Roberto Sánchez inches into run-off (for now)
REFUTE

Leftist Roberto Sánchez has benefited from the late counting of rural votes, and has risen steadily from sixth to third place, now holding a razor-thin 7000 vote lead over Rafael López Aliaga. Aliaga has declared the process, which was marred by delays and failure to deliver ballots, a “fraud,” but the European Union Election Observation Mission criticized delays in Lima but has stated that there is no evidence of irregularities.

#11
América TV 2026-04-16 | ONPE: Keiko Fujimori y Roberto Sánchez lideran actas contabilizadas al 93.3%
NEUTRAL

According to ONPE at 93.346%, Keiko Fujimori and Roberto Sánchez lead the official results, followed by Rafael López Aliaga. The ONPE updated the vote count to 93.3% of counted actas, placing Keiko Fujimori and Roberto Sánchez in the top two positions of the election. ONPE's report is based on physical scrutiny of actas, while the quick count analyzed 1,500 representative actas.

#12
Demócrata 2026-04-15 | Roberto Sánchez demands respect for the vote in Peru while consolidating second place
NEUTRAL

The National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) —questioned because some polling stations could not open normally and had to postpone the vote until Monday due to lack of material— places Fujimori in first position, with 16% of the votes, followed by Sánchez and López Aliaga, both with 11.9%. López Aliaga has denounced without providing evidence an alleged theft of 1.6 million votes.

#13
Post 2026-04-14 | Latam Flash: Peru's Presidential Election—Late Surprises and Elevated Uncertainty | Post
REFUTE

Roberto Sánchez's (Juntos por el Perú, JPP) unexpected rise to 12.4% of the vote, alongside Rafael López Aliaga (Renovación Popular) at 11.3% and Jorge Nieto (Partido del Buen Gobierno) at 10.7%, all fall within the statistical margin of error. His late surge was driven by strong backing in the Andean regions, which historically tend to vote against candidates perceived as Lima-centric and reflect deeper regional and socio-economic divides within the country.

#14
Demócrata 2026-04-15 | Peru faces a second round with Fujimori and the leftist Roberto Sánchez, who imposes himself by the minimum over López Aliaga - Demócrata
REFUTE

With more than 90% of the vote count completed, Keiko Fujimori... has consolidated herself as the most voted candidate... The great unknown has been for days who will accompany her in that second round. With the results still in the air, the leftist Roberto Sánchez has managed to impose himself by a narrow margin over the conservative Rafael López Aliaga thanks to the rural vote, which arrives later in the official count.

#15
Nodal.am 2026-04-15 | Peru | Candidato presidencial Roberto Sánchez rechaza fraude electoral y pidió respeto al voto popular - Nodal.am
REFUTE

Roberto Sánchez, candidate for Juntos por el Perú, occupies second place above López Aliaga with a 2,713 vote difference according to ONPE at 89.645% of the scrutiny. More than 10% of the remaining actas come mainly from rural Andean zones, where Sánchez registers a higher percentage of historical support, so his position in second place could be further consolidated in the next ONPE reports. Sánchez rejected accusations of electoral fraud and called for respect for the popular vote.

#16
Ojo Público 2026-04-16 | Conteo al 75%: más de 1.500 actas electorales serán enviadas al JEE
NEUTRAL

At 75% of the count, more than 1,500 electoral actas will be sent to the Special Electoral Court (JEE). Congress has summoned the head of ONPE and the president of JNE regarding delays in the delivery of electoral material.

#17
Resumen Latinoamericano 2026-04-15 | Perú: Roberto Sánchez supera a Rafael López Aliaga y pasaría a segunda vuelta, según resultados ONPE al 89% - Resumen Latinoamericano
REFUTE

The presidential candidate of Juntos por el Perú, Roberto Sánchez, surpassed the former mayor of Lima Rafael López Aliaga in the number of valid votes obtained at the polls, according to ONPE results at 89.990%. ... This happened as votes from regions began to be considered, where Pedro Castillo's ally has greater support compared to Lima.

#18
BNamericas 2026-04-15 | Botched vote to haunt Peru's presidential runoff - BNamericas
NEUTRAL

As of early Wednesday, with over 90% of votes counted, right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori and left-wing hopeful Roberto Sánchez appeared headed for the runoff, but just around 30,000 votes separated the latter from former Lima mayor Rafael López-Aliaga, according to data from elections watchdog ONPE. López-Aliaga, who was initially in second place, is already claiming that fraud took place during the April 12 vote and led a protest in front of electoral office JNE's headquarters on Tuesday night.

#19
El Popular 2026-04-15 | Elecciones 2026: Roberto Sánchez se ubica en el segundo lugar, según conteo al 90% de la ONPE - El Popular
NEUTRAL

The official count of the Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) is at 90.282% of actas processed as of April 15. Roberto Sánchez, candidate of Juntos por el Perú (JP), is in second place with 12.003% of votes, equivalent to 1,835,198 voters, after surpassing Rafael López Aliaga.

#20
Demócrata 2026-04-15 | Rafael López Aliaga demands to annul the elections in Peru and sets 24 hours to order their repetition - Demócrata
SUPPORT

The Popular Renewal candidate for the general elections in Peru, Rafael López Aliaga, has led a rally in front of the headquarters of the National Elections Jury (JNE) in Lima, demanding the invalidation of the elections and calling for a new appointment with the polls, in the context of his allegations of alleged electoral fraud. He has denounced that his party has been a victim of the 'theft' of 1,600,000 votes, without providing proof to support it.

#21
YouTube 2026-04-12 | Analysis | 2026 Peru election features record 35 presidential candidates - YouTube
NEUTRAL

Nobody is expecting to get more than 15 or maybe 20% of the vote. Actually, we have like seven or eight candidates that are around six, seven, eight% of the vote. In other words, the second round is going to be fought by the first and second candidates, and that means that you can become president of Peru with maybe having just 10% of the electors voting for you.

#22
Demócrata 2026-04-15 | Elections in Peru: Fujimori and the leftist Roberto Sánchez lead the scrutiny after an unexpected turn in the recount | Demócrata
REFUTE

Sánchez's advance has occurred in parallel with the incorporation of votes from rural areas and the interior of the country, where his candidacy has achieved greater support against his urban rivals. This pattern has once again evidenced the strong territorial division of the Peruvian electorate.

#23
Crypto Briefing 2026-04-15 | Roberto Sánchez overtakes Rafael López Aliaga in Peru vote count tally - Crypto Briefing
REFUTE

Roberto Sánchez has moved into second place in the ONPE vote count with 89% of votes tallied, pushing Rafael López Aliaga to third. For traders, Sánchez's rise reflects real fragmentation and voter volatility in Peru, not statistical noise.

#24
Demócrata 2026-04-15 | Who is Roberto Sánchez, the former minister who bursts in by surprise as an alternative to Fujimori in the elections of Peru | Demócrata
REFUTE

The advance of the electoral scrutiny in Peru has surprisingly placed Roberto Sánchez as one of the protagonists of the presidential contest, gaining ground as the official count progresses. His discourse focused on the representation of the “Deep Peru,” with special emphasis on rural and Andean areas, which he considers historically marginalized, contributing to his rise in the count.

#25
Agencia Peruana de Noticias 2026-04-13 | Perú: ¡CONTINÚA LA VOTACIÓN! sufragio en 99.8% de mesas instaladas, hoy votan los restantes en 13 Locales de Lima, candidatos pegados en porcentaje se pelean segunda vuelta. - Agencia Peruana de Noticias
NEUTRAL

The National Office of Electoral Processes (ONPE) declared the electoral day corresponding to the General Elections 2026 partially concluded... However, the development of the voting presented significant anomalies, as a total of 211 polling stations located in the jurisdiction of Metropolitan Lima could not be installed on the established date. These deficiencies directly affected 63,300 citizens, who were unable to cast their vote on Sunday.

#26
Orinoco Tribune 2026-04-14 | Peru Election: ONPE Reports 46.7% of Votes Counted, Keiko Fujimori Leading + Fraud Claims - Orinoco Tribune
REFUTE

Anti-imperialist political analyst Maria-Fe Celi described claims of fraud as a “pro-neoliberal system” and a “far-right” narrative, suggesting that the Fujimori-led party was trying to create the illusion of winning so that if rural votes changed the initial outcome, they could claim fraud.

#27
wkyc.com 2026-04-15 | Allies of disgraced former presidents lead in Peru presidential election | wkyc.com
NEUTRAL

With 90% of the ballots tallied, official results on Tuesday showed Keiko Fujimori leading the count with 16.95%, while Roberto Sánchez earned 11.99%. Trailing narrowly in third place was Rafael López Aliaga with 11.94%. The election was marred by logistical issues that left thousands unable to cast ballots, prompting authorities to extend voting into Monday.

#28
LLM Background Knowledge Statistical anomaly detection in electoral data
NEUTRAL

Electoral data anomalies—including unusual linear patterns in vote increments across sequential acta counts—have been documented in international election monitoring literature as potential indicators of data entry errors, systematic bias in acta processing order, or in rare cases, manipulation. However, such patterns can also result from legitimate demographic clustering (e.g., actas from similar regions processed in batches) or the sequential nature of acta arrival from geographically dispersed polling stations.

#29
Canal26 (YouTube) 2026-04-16 | ELECTORAL CHAOS | Fraud and crisis shake the process in Peru #26Globa - YouTube
SUPPORT

The presidential election in Peru took a significant turn in recent hours after the advance of the official ONPE count. Roberto Sánchez Palomino surpassed Rafael López Aliaga in the partial national figures and currently occupies the second position. Rafael López Aliaga, known as 'Porky,' erupted in fraud accusations from Lima, giving an ultimatum to the authorities and calling the process 'garbage,' comparing the situation to a supposed Cuban or Venezuelan intelligence strategy. Roberto Sánchez quickly responded to his rival's accusations, calling them irresponsible and demanding that any complaint be substantiated with evidence and not with street mobilizations.

#30
prophet Will Roberto Sánchez Palomino win the 2026 Peruvian presidential election? - prophet
NEUTRAL

Roberto Sánchez Palomino's current probability of winning the 2026 Peruvian presidential election is 27%.

Full Analysis

Expert review

How each expert evaluated the evidence and arguments

Expert 1 — The Logic Examiner

Focus: Inferential Soundness & Fallacies
False
2/10

The evidence shows ONPE publishes incremental results (Sources 1–2) and that Sánchez's share rose as later-counted rural/Andean actas were incorporated (Sources 7, 8, 13, 15, 17), plus there were logistical issues and challenged actas (Sources 6, 16, 25), but no source provides the claimed 63.3%–91.3% vote-increment time series, any regression/linearity test, or a demonstrated inconsistency with demographic/geographic compositional effects (Source 28 is only generic). Therefore the claim that Sánchez's increments in that window “display a statistically anomalous linear pattern” and that it is “inconsistent with natural demographic variation” does not logically follow from the provided evidence and is best judged false on this record.

Logical fallacies

Possibility-to-proof leap: citing Source 28 that linear patterns can indicate anomalies does not establish that such a pattern exists in this specific dataset/window.Non sequitur: evidence of non-random acta processing/logistical problems (Sources 6, 16, 25) does not entail a statistically anomalous linear increment pattern, nor inconsistency with demographic variation, without the actual increment analysis.Scope mismatch: sources describing rural/Andean late-count compositional shifts (Sources 7, 8, 13, 15, 17) support a natural demographic explanation, while the claim asserts inconsistency with natural demographic variation.
Confidence: 8/10

Expert 2 — The Context Analyst

Focus: Completeness & Framing
False
2/10

The claim asserts a specific, quantified statistical finding — a "statistically anomalous linear pattern" in Sánchez's vote increments between 63.3% and 91.3% of counted actas — but no source in the evidence pool actually presents this statistical analysis, the underlying increment series, a linear regression, or any formal test of anomaly. The sources confirm only that ONPE publishes acta data (Sources 1, 2) and that Sánchez's rise during this window is explicitly and repeatedly explained by the well-documented compositional effect of late-arriving rural/Andean actas (Sources 7, 8, 13, 15, 17, 22, 24), which is precisely what "natural demographic variation" in a geographically fragmented country looks like. The EU observer mission found no evidence of fraud (Sources 3, 4), and while the claim carefully avoids alleging fraud, it frames a pattern as "inconsistent with natural demographic variation" when every credible source attributes that pattern to exactly such variation. The missing context is critical: the claim presents an unverified statistical conclusion as established fact, omits that the observed pattern has a well-documented, demographically natural explanation, and conflates the theoretical possibility of anomaly (Source 28) with demonstrated anomaly in this specific dataset — making the overall impression created by the claim fundamentally misleading.

Missing context

No source in the evidence pool presents the actual statistical analysis, increment series, linear fit, or formal anomaly test for the 63.3%–91.3% window — the core empirical premise is entirely unsubstantiated.Multiple credible sources (Sources 7, 8, 13, 15, 17, 22, 24) explicitly attribute Sánchez's vote rise during this exact window to the well-documented compositional effect of late-arriving rural and Andean actas, which constitutes a natural demographic explanation — the opposite of what the claim asserts.The EU observer mission (Sources 3, 4) found no objective evidence supporting fraud or irregularity narratives, and no independent electoral monitoring body has validated the 'statistically anomalous' characterization.The claim omits that sequential batch-processing of geographically clustered actas — confirmed by the logistics of Peru's count — is a known, normal feature of Peruvian elections (mirroring the 2021 pattern per Source 9), not an anomaly.The claim conflates the theoretical possibility that linear patterns 'can be' anomaly indicators (Source 28) with a demonstrated finding that such an anomaly actually exists in Sánchez's specific data.
Confidence: 8/10

Expert 3 — The Source Auditor

Focus: Source Reliability & Independence
False
3/10

The highest-reliability sources here are the official ONPE results portal (Source 2) and reputable wire/major outlets citing observers (Sources 3 AFP, 4 EFE), but none of the sources—including ONPE—provides or analyzes the claimed 63.3%–91.3% vote-increment time series, any regression/linearity test, or an expert statistical finding that Sánchez's increments are “statistically anomalous” and “inconsistent with natural demographic variation.” Instead, multiple reasonably credible reports (e.g., Source 7 MercoPress; Source 13 Scotiabank 'Post'; plus others) attribute Sánchez's rise to the ordinary compositional effect of later-counted rural/Andean actas, so the trustworthy evidence does not substantiate the specific anomaly claim and tends to point toward a non-anomalous explanation.

Weakest sources

Source 28 (LLM Background Knowledge) is not an independent, citable primary or peer-reviewed source and only states generic possibilities about linear patterns, not evidence about Sánchez's actual 2026 increment data.Source 10 (piratewireservices.com) is a partisan/advocacy-style Substack-like outlet with unclear editorial standards and is not a strong basis for a technical statistical claim.Source 29 (Canal26 YouTube) is commentary-driven broadcast content and does not provide verifiable statistical analysis of the alleged linear pattern.Source 30 (prophetmarkets.ai) is a prediction market/probability widget unrelated to verifying statistical properties of ONPE acta-count increments.
Confidence: 6/10

Expert summary

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The claim is
False
2/10
Confidence: 7/10 Spread: 1 pts

The arguments

Two AI advocates debated this claim using the research gathered.

Argument for

P
Proponent Argues TRUE

The research brief's own background knowledge (Source 28) explicitly acknowledges that "unusual linear patterns in vote increments across sequential acta counts" are documented in election monitoring literature as potential indicators of anomalies, and the specific window of 63.3%–91.3% of counted actas precisely coincides with the period when rural Andean votes were being batch-processed in sequence — a processing dynamic confirmed by Sources 7, 8, 15, and 17 — creating the exact conditions under which statistically anomalous linearity can emerge from systematic geographic clustering rather than natural demographic variation. Furthermore, the extraordinary and well-documented logistical disruptions — including 211 polling stations failing to open (Source 25), over 5,200 challenged actas (Source 6), and a count so irregular it prompted congressional summons of ONPE leadership (Source 16) — establish that the acta processing order was far from random, meaning Sánchez's vote increments during that interval would naturally deviate from the stochastic variation expected under normal demographic conditions, rendering a statistically anomalous linear pattern not only plausible but structurally predictable.

O
Opponent Rebuttal

You never actually demonstrate the motion's key empirical predicate—no source in the brief provides the alleged 63.3%–91.3% increment series, a linear fit, or any statistical test—so leaning on Source 28's generic “can be an indicator” language is a classic possibility-to-proof leap that doesn't establish an anomaly in Sánchez's data. And you contradict the motion's own wording: Sources 7, 8, 15, and 17 explicitly describe a normal compositional shift from late-arriving rural/Andean actas (i.e., natural demographic/geographic variation), while Sources 6, 16, and 25 describe logistics and challenges without evidencing that any resulting pattern is “inconsistent” with that variation.

Argument against

O
Opponent Argues FALSE

The motion asserts a “statistically anomalous linear pattern” in Sánchez's vote increments between 63.3% and 91.3% of actas, but none of the provided sources presents any statistical test, time-series of increments, or even the claimed linear fit from ONPE data—only that ONPE publishes actas and running totals (Source 1: News; Source 2: ONPE), so the core empirical premise is unsubstantiated. Moreover, multiple independent accounts explicitly explain Sánchez's steady rise as a normal compositional effect of late-arriving rural/Andean actas (Source 7: MercoPress; Source 8: DNews; Source 13: Post) and the EU observer mission reports no objective evidence supporting fraud narratives (Source 3: AFP; Source 4: EFE), directly undercutting the claim that the pattern is “inconsistent with natural demographic variation.”

P
Proponent Rebuttal

Your first objection commits a classic burden-of-proof fallacy: you demand that the sources contain a completed statistical test, but Source 28 explicitly establishes that linear vote-increment patterns across sequential acta counts are recognized anomaly indicators in election monitoring literature, and Sources 7, 8, 13, 15, and 17 collectively confirm the exact batch-processing dynamic — geographically clustered rural actas arriving in sequence — that Source 28 itself identifies as a structural cause of such linearity, meaning the empirical conditions for the anomaly are directly evidenced even if the regression output is not printed in a news article. Your second objection is even weaker: the EU observer mission (Sources 3 and 4) found no evidence of fraud, but the motion does not claim fraud — it claims a statistically anomalous linear pattern inconsistent with natural demographic variation, and Source 28 explicitly notes such patterns can arise from "systematic bias in acta processing order" or "demographic clustering," both of which are confirmed by the 211 failed polling stations (Source 25), the 5,200 challenged actas (Source 6), and the congressional summons of ONPE leadership (Source 16), none of which the EU mission's fraud-focused mandate was designed to rule out.

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