“The prevalence of depression among university students in Lima Norte, Lima, Peru, is higher than the prevalence of depression among university students in other parts of Lima, Peru.”

The study included 1,628 Peruvian university students from different regions, with a significant proportion from Lima. The authors report: "Furthermore, 207 (12.7%) had moderate-severe and severe depressive symptoms." The paper describes the sample as nationwide (including Lima and other regions) but does not stratify the prevalence of depression specifically by districts within Lima such as Lima Norte; it only notes that working and studying simultaneously was more frequent "with a significant prevalence in Lima."

In this cross-sectional study of 400 Peruvian university students, the authors state: "Of 400 students surveyed, 19.2%, 23.2% and 17.2% of students presented depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively." Later they compare to other Peruvian studies: "Huarcaya-Victoria et al. (2021) ... reported levels of up to 74% of depression among students." The paper does not specify that its own sample is from Lima Norte nor does it present a comparison of depression prevalence between university students in Lima Norte and those in other districts of Lima.

This study evaluated 482 medical students from universities in Lambayeque, Peru. It reports: "Of 482 students, the prevalence of anxiety was 61.8% and depression was 22.0%." It further notes: "It was observed that students in private universities had higher frequencies of having depression (29.3% vs. 14.6%) and anxiety (71.1% vs. 52.5%) compared to students in public universities." The article does not involve university students in Lima or Lima Norte and therefore does not provide a direct comparison between Lima Norte and other parts of Lima.

The study compares mental health indicators between students from Lima and from other provinces of Peru. It reports that among Lima students, 10.5% presented moderate depression and 2.6% moderately severe depression, while the text notes different prevalences for students from other provinces. The analysis specifically contrasts mental health outcomes of students in Lima versus non-Lima regions, but it does not stratify or compare Lima Norte with other parts of Lima.

This meta-analysis found substantial depression burden among university students overall, but it is a broad pooled estimate rather than a Lima-specific district comparison. It supports the general background that depression is common in university students, while not establishing that students in Lima Norte are higher than those in other parts of Lima.

This systematic review reports that depressive symptoms are common in Latin American university students overall. However, it aggregates multiple countries and settings, so it cannot be used as direct evidence that prevalence is higher in Lima Norte than in other areas of Lima.

The article reports results for medical students in Lambayeque (northern Peru): "Of 482 students, the prevalence of anxiety was 61.8% and depression was 22.0%." It notes: "In Peru, 13.5% were found to have some degree of depression," and that other Peruvian university samples have reported higher figures: "a prevalence higher than 60% has been reported." This work provides comparative Peruvian data (including high-prevalence university samples) but does not distinguish Lima Norte from other parts of Lima.

In this Peruvian study the authors report: "We found a prevalence of depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms of 71.6% (95% CI: 66.94–75.95), 71.9% (95% CI: 67.2–76.2), and 62.7% (95% CI: 58.1–67.2), respectively." They later state: "We found that 7 out of 10 students showed symptoms of depression (71.7%)." The sample is described as medical students from a Peruvian university, but the text does not indicate that it focuses on Lima Norte or compare prevalence across specific areas of Lima.

According to the abstract: "The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 31.2% in the whole population and in medical students was 33.6%." The conclusion states: "A high prevalence of depressive symptoms was found, especially in medical students." The abstract does not specify the district within Lima nor draw comparisons between university students in Lima Norte and those in other parts of Lima; it only indicates that the study was conducted at a Peruvian university.

This comparative study reports that "the prevalence of severe depression was 9% and 11% in the public and private institutions, respectively" and that "in the adolescent population of Metropolitan Lima, the prevalence of depression is 7.0% and it occurs with a higher probability in females." The article examines adolescents in schools and mentions metropolitan prevalence but does not include university students or break down prevalence by specific zones such as Lima Norte versus other areas of the city.

The paper analyzes relationships between depression and meaning of life among university students during COVID-19 and cites a "systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students" but focuses on psychological constructs rather than geographic comparisons. The article does not present data that contrast depression prevalence among university students in Lima Norte with those in other parts of Lima, nor does it provide district-level stratification within Lima.

The article states: "Of the sample, 58% (n=459) presented depression, 52.7% (n=417) anxiety, and 47.1% (n=373) presented insomnia." It reports associations with gender and other variables: "Female students had a higher risk ..." The sample is described as Peruvian university students, but the abstract and available text do not specify that the students are from Lima Norte or compare depression prevalence within different areas of Lima.

This study examined anxiety and depression levels in students at the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) in Lima. The abstract says the representative sample was 500 university students, and that depression and anxiety were evaluated with the HADS scale. It provides relevant Lima university baseline context, but the excerpt shown does not give a prevalence figure in the snippet.

In the background section, the author cites a 2023 meta‑analysis: "They report for university students a prevalence for anxiety of 29% (95% CI, 19–25%), followed by depression with 37% (95% CI, 32–42%)." The thesis discusses high prevalence of anxiety and depression among university students generally but does not stratify rates by specific zones within Lima such as Lima Norte compared to other sectors of the city.

The report cites a 2021 meta-analytic study finding a prevalence of anxiety of 36% and depression of 39% in a sample of 706,415 students. This is useful national and regional context for university mental health, but it does not compare Lima Norte with other parts of Lima.

The paper reports that most students had mild depression (52.1%), followed by moderate depression (28.8%), with severe depression at 2.5%. It also cites prior Peruvian student research stating that 31.2% of the student population had depressive symptoms, with 33.6% in medical students versus 26.5% in students from other professional schools.

This thesis (title translated: "Depression in Psychology students of a private university of Lima Norte") reports the prevalence of depression among students at a specific private university campus located in Lima Norte. The work quantifies levels of minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression in that institution, but it does not include comparison data from universities in other zones of Lima, nor does it statistically test whether Lima Norte students have higher prevalence than students in other sectors of the city.

This institutional thesis (private university in Lima Norte) describes a study on depression and anxiety in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The abstract (Spanish) indicates that it estimates the prevalence of depression and anxiety among students at a private university located in Lima Norte. The text reports a percentage prevalence of depressive symptoms within that university's student body but does not include a comparative sample of students from other parts of Lima; nor does it statistically compare Lima Norte students with students from other districts or universities in Lima.

The study evaluates depression and associated factors in university students enrolled in institutions located in Lima Norte and reports a certain percentage with depressive symptoms. However, the methodology section describes only a single‑zone cross‑sectional survey without recruiting comparison groups from other areas of Lima; the paper does not present data on students from other zones nor claim that depression prevalence in Lima Norte is higher than elsewhere in Lima.

Background knowledge: published Peruvian studies on university students in Lima are highly heterogeneous because they use different instruments, cutoffs, and populations. The North Lima nursing-student study reports mostly mild depression, while the UNMSM and other Lima Metropolitana student studies also report notable depressive symptom burden, but the available evidence is not a standardized citywide comparison of North Lima versus the rest of Lima.