“A quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay has been developed and validated to detect Gastrodiscoides hominis DNA in clinical or environmental samples.”

This study developed and validated a high-throughput qPCR (HT‑qPCR) assay capable of detecting 22 waterborne protozoa and helminths. The panel of targets included multiple intestinal helminths and protozoa of public health concern in China. The article does not list Gastrodiscoides hominis among the 22 targets of the HT‑qPCR panel.

CDC resources on parasitic diseases include laboratory identification guidelines and molecular diagnostic recommendations for a range of protozoa and helminths, such as Schistosoma spp., Fasciola hepatica, and others. Gastrodiscoides hominis is rarely reported and is not included among the parasites for which CDC provides standardised real-time PCR protocols, indicating that no CDC-validated qPCR assay for G. hominis is currently available in these guidelines.

The CDC DPDx case description notes that the trematode eggs seen in the stool sample are "very similar in size and appearance and difficult to distinguish morphologically from eggs of Fasciola hepatica and Gastrodiscoides hominis." The case focuses on microscopic diagnosis and morphological differentiation; it does not describe or reference any PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for Gastrodiscoides hominis.

In this case report of Gastrodiscoides hominis infection, the diagnosis was established by microscopic identification of characteristic eggs in the stool. The authors describe the morphology of the parasite and the clinical presentation, but do not mention the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for diagnosis. The report highlights that diagnosis of gastrodiscoidiasis remains based on stool microscopy and clinical suspicion.

Here, we describe the development, optimisation and validation of a fast and practical in-house multiplex qPCR for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis and Dientamoeba fragilis in human stool samples. Remarkably, our multiplex qPCR assay was able to detect the four Cryptosporidium species (namely C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis and C. ubiquitum) causing the bulk of human cryptosporidiosis cases globally. Gastrodiscoides hominis is not mentioned as a target organism in this multiplex qPCR assay.

This multicentric study evaluated a commercial real-time PCR kit for the detection of intestinal protozoa in fecal samples, including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia duodenalis, Dientamoeba fragilis, and Cryptosporidium spp. The authors report that "Compared to traditional techniques, the sensibility and specificity of the real-time PCR kit were as follows: 100% and 100% for Entamoeba histolytica, 100% and 99.2% for Giardia duodenalis, 97.2% and 100% for Dientamoeba fragilis, and 100% and 99.7% for Cryptosporidium spp., respectively." Gastrodiscoides hominis is not listed among the targets, and no assay for this fluke is described.

This report presents a highly sensitive real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay developed to detect Blastocystis parasites in stool samples. A qPCR assay targeting a region of the Blastocystis SSU rRNA gene was developed to detect and quantify subtypes ST1 to ST10 directly from human stool specimens. The work exemplifies assay development for intestinal protozoa but does not include Gastrodiscoides hominis as a target or report a qPCR specific for that trematode.

The study describes "a newly developed multiplex real-time PCR assay" that targets multiple intestinal parasites and bacteria associated with diarrheal diseases. The assay includes targets such as Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum, and other organisms relevant to the Korean population. The authors report: "Overall, this assay showed a higher sensitivity (100.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI] of 80.5–100.0) than microscopy (29.4%; 95% CI 10.31–55.96), and the specificity levels were comparable for both methods (100.0%; 95% CI 96.58–100.0)." Gastrodiscoides hominis is not among the listed targets, and there is no indication that any qPCR component for G. hominis was developed or validated.

The sensitivity of qPCR was 98% for A. lumbricoides and N. americanus, whereas KK sensitivity was 70% and 32%, respectively. … Our study used sequences from a variety of sources, based on head-to-head comparisons to identify those with the greatest sensitivity and specificity. … All other positive controls (for other helminths and protozoa) were plasmids constructed to match the target sequences of their associated primers and probes.

This paper reports on the implementation in 2019 of a semi-automated multiplex real-time PCR system (FMPS) for gastrointestinal pathogens: "In 2019, the FMPS was implemented using real-time PCR to detect the following enteropathogens: Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Blastocystis hominis, Cryptosporidum spp." The panel focuses on common bacterial and protozoal enteropathogens and does not list Gastrodiscoides hominis among its targets. No qPCR assay for G. hominis is described or validated.

A rising but underappreciated public health concern, gastrodiscoidiasis, is caused by a food-borne intestinal trematode. We report molecular identification of Gastrodiscoides hominis in a patient with colon cancer based on sequencing of PCR-amplified rDNA from eggs recovered from the colon. The authors used conventional PCR followed by sequencing for identification; the report does not describe the development or validation of a quantitative (real-time) PCR assay for G. hominis.

In this review of Gastrodiscoides hominis, the authors summarize known diagnostic methods, noting that diagnosis in humans has predominantly relied on demonstration of characteristic eggs in stool and occasionally on recovery of adult flukes at surgery or autopsy. The diagnostic section discusses parasitological and morphological methods; it does not describe any molecular diagnostic tests such as conventional PCR or quantitative PCR, and the review does not report development or validation of a qPCR assay for G. hominis.

Virus detection by RT-qPCR. … Table listings include a wide range of microbial contaminants and methods; Gastrodiscoides hominis is mentioned among taxa discussed in the parasitology literature (Ashford and Crewe, 2003), but no validated quantitative PCR (qPCR) method is specified for detection of Gastrodiscoides hominis DNA in drinking water or other environmental matrices. Where specific qPCR assays exist for listed organisms, they are typically cited explicitly with primer/probe information or method references; such an assay is not provided for Gastrodiscoides hominis.

In this review of Gastrodiscoides hominis, we summarize its geographical distribution, morphology, life cycle, pathogenicity and available diagnostic methods. Diagnosis has traditionally relied on the detection of characteristic eggs in stool by microscopy; serological and molecular methods are poorly developed and there are no widely used standardized PCR or qPCR assays for this trematode. The review highlights the need for improved molecular diagnostics for G. hominis infection.

This case report describes a child with Gastrodiscoides hominis infection diagnosed on the basis of stool microscopy, where typical eggs of G. hominis were seen. The report discusses clinical features and treatment but does not employ or reference any molecular diagnostic method, such as PCR or qPCR, for confirming the infection; there is no indication that a quantitative PCR assay for G. hominis was available or used.

This chapter outlines "a real-time PCR assay for the diagnosis of strongylid nematode infections from small ruminant fecal samples." It describes steps from coproscopy and egg collection through DNA isolation and amplification using primers targeting the ITS-2 region of nematode parasites. Table 1 lists parasite-specific primers for nematodes such as Haemonchus contortus. Gastrodiscoides hominis, a trematode, is not mentioned, and the assay is explicitly designed for nematode infections rather than trematode flukes.

This project description explains that investigators "have developed and patented real time PCR tests for (1) Giardia that sub-genotypes into the major Assemblages A and B and (2) Cryptosporidium that speciate the parasite into the major pathogens Cryptosporidium hominis, parvum, and meleagridis." The effort aims to move these real-time PCR tests from research into clinical laboratories. The document does not mention Gastrodiscoides hominis, and the diagnostic kit is specific to Giardia and Cryptosporidium species.

This article reviews human infections with Gastrodiscoides hominis and discusses epidemiology, clinical features and diagnosis. The authors describe that diagnosis is typically based on the detection of characteristic eggs in stool or adult flukes in the intestine and note challenges because the eggs may resemble those of other trematodes. The review mentions no existing molecular diagnostic tools such as PCR or qPCR assays for G. hominis, and emphasizes that routine diagnosis relies on coprological examination.

For the first time a qPCR assay is reported, which can discriminate between the two most important cattle nematode parasites in temperate regions. The study focuses on gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminant faecal samples. There is no indication in the abstract or available text that Gastrodiscoides hominis was included as a target or that a qPCR assay for G. hominis DNA in clinical or environmental samples was developed or validated.

Review articles on Gastrodiscoides hominis describe traditional diagnostic approaches based on detection of characteristic operculated eggs in stool specimens and occasionally serologic or molecular confirmation. Available reviews emphasize that molecular diagnostics for G. hominis are limited to conventional PCR and sequencing in case reports, and they do not mention any widely adopted, validated quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for this trematode in clinical or environmental samples.

Published case reports involving Gastrodiscoides hominis up to 2024 describe identification via microscopy of eggs and adult flukes, occasionally supported by conventional PCR amplification of ribosomal or mitochondrial DNA followed by sequencing. In contrast to other intestinal trematodes and protozoa for which specific real-time quantitative PCR assays have been developed and validated, the literature does not report a standard, validated qPCR assay specifically targeting G. hominis DNA in clinical or environmental samples.