“Electromagnetic fields emitted by household electronic devices damage human health.”

Based on a comprehensive evaluation of published studies relating to the effects of power-frequency electric and magnetic fields on cells, tissues, and organisms (including humans), the conclusion of the committee is that the current body of evidence does not show that exposure to these fields presents a human-health hazard. … Specifically, no conclusive and consistent evidence shows that exposures to residential electric and magnetic fields produce cancer, adverse neurobehavioral effects, or reproductive and developmental effects.

The body of evidence, in the committee's judgment, has not demonstrated that exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields is a human-health hazard. … The data at different biologic complexities, taken in total, do not provide convincing evidence that electric and magnetic fields experienced in residential environments are carcinogenic. … Although fewer studies of these effects have been conducted, the committee concludes that no studies to date have shown an association between exposure to residential electric and magnetic fields and an adverse human-health effect.

Based on a recent in-depth review of the scientific literature, the WHO concluded that current evidence does not confirm the existence of any health consequences from exposure to low level electromagnetic fields.

No mechanism by which ELF-EMFs or radiofrequency radiation could cause cancer has been identified. Unlike high-energy (ionizing) radiation, EMFs in the non-ionizing part of the electromagnetic spectrum cannot damage DNA or cells directly. … Studies of animals have not provided any indications that exposure to ELF-EMFs is associated with cancer (10–13). The few high-quality studies in animals have provided no evidence that Wi-Fi is harmful to health (8).

The body of evidence, in the committee's judgment, has not demonstrated that exposure to power-frequency electric and magnetic fields is a human-health hazard. … The data at different biologic complexities, taken in total, do not provide convincing evidence that electric and magnetic fields experienced in residential environments are carcinogenic.

Based on the FDA’s ongoing evaluation, the available epidemiological and cancer incidence data continues to support the Agency’s determination that there are no quantifiable adverse health effects in humans caused by exposures at or under the current cell phone exposure limits. … Based on the studies that are described in detail in this report, there is insufficient evidence to support a causal association between RFR exposure and tumorigenesis. There is a lack of clear dose response relationship, a lack of consistent findings or specificity, and a lack of biological mechanistic plausibility.

According to the FDA and the World Health Organization (WHO), among other organizations, to date, there is no consistent or credible scientific evidence of health problems caused by the exposure to radio frequency energy emitted by cell phones. … While these assertions have gained increased public attention, currently no scientific evidence establishes a causal link between wireless device use and cancer or other illnesses.

Induction of cancer from long-term EMF exposure was not considered to be established, and so these guidelines are based on short-term, immediate health effects such as stimulation of peripheral nerves and muscles, shocks and burns caused by touching conducting objects, and elevated tissue temperatures resulting from absorption of energy during exposure to EMF. … In the case of potential long-term effects of exposure, such as an increased risk of cancer, ICNIRP concluded that available data are insufficient to provide a basis for setting exposure restrictions … Measurement of biological responses in laboratory studies and in volunteers has provided little indication of adverse effects of low-frequency fields at levels to which people are commonly exposed.

Non-ionizing: low-level radiation which is generally perceived as harmless to humans … While some of these studies showed a possible link between EMF field strength and an increased risk for childhood Leukemia, their findings indicated that such an association was weak. The few studies that have been conducted on adults show no evidence of a link between EMF exposure and adult cancers, such as leukemia, brain cancer, and breast cancer.

The purpose of the document is to provide an overview of the known biological effects of electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 300 Hz to 300 GHz, to identify gaps in this knowledge so that direction for further research can be given, and to provide information for health authorities, regulatory, and similar agencies on the possible effects of electromagnetic field exposure on human health, so that guidance can be given on the assessment of risks from occupational and general population exposure. … There are concerns about the possible effects of RF fields in the areas of promotion and progression of cancer, of reproductive failures, such as spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations, and of effects on central nervous system function. Knowledge in all these areas is inadequate to determine whether such effects exist, and therefore, there is no rational basis for recommendations to protect the general population from possible adverse effects.

The purpose of the Act is to establish limits on human exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) that will provide protection against known adverse health effects from any installation or device emitting such fields.

FDA believes radiation emitting electronic products and devices that comply with Federal standards and Federally-recognized consensus standards, adequately protect the public health and safety and provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness, as applicable, when properly used by trained personnel, and concern has shifted to minimizing improper uses.

At relatively low levels of exposure to RF radiation, i.e. , field intensities lower than those that would produce significant and measurable heating, the evidence for production of harmful biological effects is less clear . … In recent years some Western scientists have also reported biological effects after exposure of animals and animal tissue to relatively low levels of RF radiation. These effects, often referred to as "non-thermal" effects, have included changes in the immune system, neurological effects, behavioral effects, evidence for a link between microwave exposure and the action of certain drugs and compounds, and a "calcium efflux" effect in brain tissue (discussed below). Experimental results have also suggested that microwaves might be involved in cancer "promotion" under certain conditions. However, contradictory experimental results have also been reported in many of these cases, and further experiments are needed to determine the generality of these effects and whether they constitute a threat to human health.

Major health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), generally state that there is no conclusive evidence of adverse health effects below established exposure limits, while acknowledging that certain experimental results warrant further investigation.

Using conventional epidemiologic criteria for inferring causal associations, including strength and consistency of the relationship, biological plausibility, and the possibility of bias as an explanation, it is concluded that the evidence is strongly suggestive that such radiation is carcinogenic.

In parallel to technological developments in this century, technological devices are becoming ever more important in daily life. However, despite making life easier, they may also cause a number of health problems. … The biological effect of exposure to EMF is a subject of particular research interest. The results of the recent studies not only clearly demonstrate that EMF exposure triggers oxidative stress in various tissues, but also that it causes significant changes in levels of blood antioxidant markers.

Low-frequency fields may induce weak currents in tissues, affecting neural and muscular systems [22,23], while high-frequency fields are linked to both thermal and non-thermal effects, including oxidative stress, calcium overload, and cellular dysfunction [5].

Low-frequency fields may induce weak currents in tissues, affecting neural and muscular systems [22,23], while high-frequency fields are linked to both thermal and non-thermal effects, including oxidative stress, calcium overload, and cellular dysfunction [5]. … Major health organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), generally state that there is no conclusive evidence of adverse health effects below established exposure limits, while acknowledging that certain experimental results warrant further investigation. … These findings should be interpreted in the context of current consensus statements from major health organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, which generally conclude that, within established exposure limits, non-ionizing EMFs are unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

In summary, we could not identify a high evidence for any significant detrimental health effects of RF EMF of mobile communications on children and adolescents. Nevertheless, we do not conclude that such exposure would be safe for this particular age group, since the evidence base for this conclusion is too weak.

Average magnetic fields measured in the homes of children have not been found to be associated with an excess of childhood leukemia or other cancers. … Epidemiologic evidence of an association between magnetic fields and childhood cancers (other than leukemia), adult cancers, pregnancy outcome, and neurobehavioral disorders is not, in the aggregate, supported.

Some people worry about EMF exposure and cancer. Some studies have found a link between EMF exposure and a higher risk of childhood leukemia, but other studies have not. Other studies have not found proof that EMF exposure causes other childhood cancers. Studies in adults did not prove that EMF exposure causes cancer. … So far, scientific evidence has not found a link between cell phone use and health problems in humans. However, scientists need to do more research on this before they can say for sure.

Using spot measurements, residential IF field levels were found to be generally low, while the use of certain appliances at close distance (20cm) may result in a relatively high exposure. … Finally, none of the appliance emissions in the IF range exceeded the exposure summation rules recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 62233) standard at 20cm and beyond (maximum exposure quotients EQE1.0 andEQH0.13).

Our analysis revealed that cardiac implants are susceptible to malfunction induced by EMF in the IF range. Electromagnetic interference may in particular be provoked by security systems and induction hobs.

For very low exposure levels (such as within the ICNIRP (1998) basic restrictions) there is extensive evidence that the amount of heat generated is not sufficient to cause harm, but for exposure levels above those of the ICNIRP (1998) basic restriction levels, there is limited research.

Particularly controversial are the biophysical mechanisms by which these RF fields may affect biological systems. General health effects reviews explore possible carcinogenic, reproductive and neurological effects. … The preponderance of published epidemiologic and experimental findings do not support the supposition that in vivo or in vitro exposures to such fields are carcinogenic. … Concludes that research to date does not show RF energy emitted from mobile phones to have adverse health effects but there is not enough information to conclude they pose no risk.

ELF radiation doesn’t damage the DNA in cells the way ionizing radiation does. It is largely thought to be safe. … Some studies have looked at possible links between ELF exposures in adults and cancer. Most have not found a link, although a small number have suggested a possible link.

No risk of brain cancer was observed with regular use of any of these items. … Although magnetic field exposures were not measured, this study does not implicate the use of electric appliances in adult astroglial cancers.

The ICNIRP guidelines are not intended to protect against biological effects as such, unless there is also an associated adverse health effect. … ICNIRP sets its exposure guidelines only on the basis of scientifically substantiated effects. … These guidelines are established using a conservative approach, which means that compliance with the recommended exposure limits will provide a very high level of protection from substantiated adverse health effects due to the exposure.

As radiofrequency EMFs at sufficiently high power levels can adversely affect health, ICNIRP published Guidelines in 1998 for human exposure to time-varying EMFs up to 300 GHz, which included the radiofrequency EMF spectrum.

Recent studies have shown that consumer electronic devices with high field strength magnets may cause certain implanted medical devices to switch to “magnet mode” and suspend normal operations until the magnet is moved away from the medical device. … The FDA believes the risk to patients is low, and the agency is not aware of any adverse events associated with this issue at this time.

The study overall does not support an association between household electrical appliances use and risk of tumour. … The finding of an excess risk of tumour for computer screen use and use of microwave oven is intriguing and demands further studies.

This review found insufficient evidence to suggest the average exposure levels of ELF EMF from indoor transformers, which could pose significant health risks.

Finally, none of the appliance emissions in the IF range exceeded the exposure summation rules recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection guidelines and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 62233) standard at 20cm and beyond (maximum exposure quotients EQE1.0 andEQH0.13).

For the purpose of this part, an elec tronic product shall be considered to have a defect which relates to the safe ty of use by reason of the emission of electronic product radiation if: (a) It is a product which does not uti lize the emission of electronic product radiation in order to accomplish its purpose, and from which such emis sions are unintended, and as a result of its design, production or assembly; (1) It emits electronic product radi ation which creates a risk of injury, in cluding genetic injury, to any person

Although studies on the effects of EMFs on children’s health are unestablished, precautionary principles should be followed for children and the exposure to EMFs among children should be minimized.

After several decades of RF-EMF research on numerous potential health effects, the only substantiated effect of RF EMF exposure relevant to human health and safety is heating of exposed tissue. … Acute and long-term effects of RF EMF exposure below the thermal threshold have been studied extensively without demonstrating adverse health effects. … The overall evaluation of all the research on RF EMFs leads to the conclusion that RF EMF exposure below the thermal threshold is unlikely to be associated with adverse health effects.

The weight of scientific evidence has not linked cell phone radio frequency radiation with any health problems.

Furthermore, this Monograph is focused on the potential for an increased risk of cancer among those exposed to RF radiation, but does not provide a quantitative assessment of any cancer risk, nor does it discuss or evaluate any other potential health effects of RF radiation.

Because it is possible for an electromagnetic disturbance (EMD) to affect important medical device functions, mitigation measures for some risks could aid the device operator in recognizing a hazardous situation and taking action to prevent harm.

The ICNIRP Guidelines on Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields are for the protection of humans exposed to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF) in the range 100 kHz to 300 GHz.

Potential health effects of exposure to static and time varying electric and magnetic fields need scientific clarification. … As part of its charter to protect public health and in response to public concern over health effects of EMF exposure, the World Health Organization (WHO) established the International EMF Project in 1996 to assess the scientific evidence of possible health effects of EMF in the frequency range from 0 to 300 GHz.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is advising the public that some consumer electronic devices (eg, cell phones, smart watches) with high field strength magnets may cause certain implanted medical devices to switch to “magnet mode” and suspend normal operations. … “We believe the risk to patients is low and the agency is not aware of any adverse events associated with this issue at this time,” said Dr Jeff Shuren, MD, JD, director of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health.

The main objective of this publication is to establish guidelines for limiting exposure to EMFs that will provide a high level of protection for all people against substantiated adverse health effects from exposures to both short- and long-term, continuous and discontinuous radiofrequency EMFs.

One of the goals of the International EMF Project is therefore to carry out health risk assessments of Radio Frequency Fields (RF), Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) and static fields, published in the Environmental Health Criteria (ECH).

WHO's assessment of any health risks produced by EMF emitting technologies falls within the responsibilities of the International EMF Project. One of the goals of the International EMF Project is therefore to carry out health risk assessments of RF, ELF and static fields, published in the Environmental Health Criteria.

The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure on human self-reported symptoms: A systematic review of human experimental studies