Library.

“Copper surfaces kill bacteria through contact (without additional disinfectants).”

The evidence strongly supports that copper surfaces can kill bacteria through intrinsic contact-mediated antimicrobial action, without needing added disinfectants. EPA registrations and multiple mechanistic studies show the effect is built into the copper surface itself. The main caveat is that performance depends on conditions such as cleanliness, alloy type, and sufficient contact time.

“GHK-Cu delivers copper specifically to mitochondria, enhancing ATP production and cellular energy.”

No peer-reviewed evidence supports the assertion that GHK-Cu delivers copper specifically to mitochondria or directly enhances ATP production. The strongest biomedical sources show only that GHK-Cu modulates broad cellular copper uptake and gene expression, while mitochondrial copper import relies on dedicated chaperones (COX17, SLC25A3) with no demonstrated role for GHK-Cu. The explicit mitochondria/ATP claims trace back to marketing materials, YouTube videos, and wellness blogs — not controlled experiments or peer-reviewed research.