Poland did not participate in the San Francisco Conference but was able to sign and ratify the Charter in 1945. ... On 28 June 1945, a government was announced; on 15 October 1945 Poland signed the Charter and on 24 October 1945 ratified the Charter, becoming one of the original members. ... Oppenheim’s International Law: United Nations says, “although Article 3 speaks of the original members of the UN as ‘states’ that participated in the San Francisco Conference or signed the 1942 Declaration of the United Nations, not all the founding members were states as a matter of international law.”

Article 1: "The Republic of Poland shall be the common good of all its citizens." Article 2: "The Republic of Poland shall be a democratic state ruled by law and implementing the principles of social justice." Article 3: "The Republic of Poland shall be a unitary State." Article 4: "Supreme power in the Republic of Poland shall be vested in the Nation. The Nation shall exercise such power directly or through their representatives." Article 8: "The Constitution shall be the supreme law of the Republic of Poland." Article 9: "The Republic of Poland shall respect international law binding upon it."

"Pursuant to Article 126 of the Polish Constitution, the President shall be the supreme representative of the Republic of Poland and the guarantor of the continuity of State authority." "In the field of foreign policy, the President shall in particular: • ratify and renounce international agreements, • appoint and recall plenipotentiaries of the Republic of Poland and accept the credentials and recall of diplomatic representatives of other states and international organisations." "The President shall cooperate with the Prime Minister and the competent minister in the field of foreign policy."

Poland is an active member of the UN in each of its three pillars: human rights, peace and security, and development. As a member of the United Nations, Poland implements the goals and principles laid down in the United Nations Charter. Despite the absence of representatives of the Polish government at the founding conference, in recognition of Poland’s input in the fight against fascism, Poland was counted as one of the UN’s founding members by amending the wording of Article 3 of the United Nations Charter. Poland signed the Charter on 15 October 1945 and ratified it on the following day.

Poland is a founding member of the United Nations, and a member of the Council of Europe, World Trade Organisation, OECD, NATO, and EU (including the Schengen Area). The Second Republic of Poland was reconstituted in 1918 following the re-appearance of an independent Polish state in Europe, confirmed through the Treaty of Versailles of June 1919. Apart from the European Union, Poland has been a member of NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, among others.

"The Republic of Poland shall be a democratic state ruled by law and implementing the principles of social justice." "The Republic of Poland shall be a unitary State." "The Republic of Poland shall safeguard the independence and integrity of its territory and ensure the freedoms and rights of persons and citizens, the security of the citizens, safeguard the national heritage and shall ensure the protection of the natural environment pursuant to the principles of sustainable development." "The organs of public authority shall function on the basis of, and within the limits of, the law." "The Republic of Poland shall respect international law binding upon it."

"We, the Polish Nation – all citizens of the Republic, Both those who believe in God as the source of truth, justice, good and beauty, As well as those not sharing such faith but respecting those universal values as arising from other sources, Equal in rights and obligations towards the common good – Poland, Beholden to our ancestors for their labours, their struggle for independence achieved at great sacrifice, For our culture rooted in the Christian heritage of the Nation and in universal human values, Recalling the best traditions of the First and the Second Republic, Obliged to bequeath to future generations all that is valuable from our over one thousand years’ heritage, Bound in community with our compatriots dispersed throughout the world, Aware of the need for cooperation with all countries for the good of the Human Family, ... Which recovered, in 1989, the possibility of a sovereign and democratic determination of its fate, ... Hereby establish this Constitution of the Republic of Poland as the basic law for the State."

“State sovereignty is a basic principle of international law. According to this principle, states are independent and equal in international relations and exercise supreme authority over their territory, including persons and objects, such as ICT infrastructure.” The Polish government’s 2022 national position further states that sovereignty entails a state’s capacity to enter into treaties and to freely conduct external relations, subject to international law, and that other states must refrain from actions that would violate Poland’s sovereignty.

Referring to the Palmas case, Poland sees the core of sovereignty in independence, equality and the inviolability of a State’s territorial integrity and political independence. Consequently, States exercise supreme authority over their own territory, which includes persons and objects, such as information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure. At the same time, external sovereignty implies that a state is independent in its external relations and is capable of freely engaging in any actions in cyberspace, also outside its own territory, subject to restrictions under international law. Here, Poland explicitly affirms the view that sovereignty is not only a principle of international law, but a right in itself, requiring States to respect the boundaries of sovereignty both offline and online.

In its official paper, the Republic of Poland states: “Another consequence of sovereignty is a state’s capacity to enter into treaties, including those on cyberspace.” It emphasizes that “Intervention in internal or external affairs of another state that fall under its domestic jurisdiction is an action that contravenes international law. The principle of non-intervention is a natural consequence of the principle of sovereignty – to the extent to which the state exercises its exclusive sovereign rights, other states have an obligation to respect them. … Therefore, it is possible to refer to a violation of the non-intervention principle if a state interferes with internal or external affairs falling under the exclusive competence of another state by using an element of coercion.”

24 October, 1945 is officially recognized as the founding date of the United Nations, while Poland, even though it did not attend the founding conference, is recognised as an original Member of the UN. The United Nations was actually founded in January 1942 with the signing of the Declaration of the United Nations by the governments of the 26 founding states, including the Polish wartime government-in-exile based in London. On 5 July, 1945, the US and the UK recognised the new government as Poland’s legitimate authority and at the same time withdrew their recognition for the Polish Government-in-Exile.

On 7 October 2021, Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal declared Articles 1, 2 and 19 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) to be partially unconstitutional. The Tribunal confirmed the Constitution’s supreme legal force, explaining that a possible collision between a constitutional norm and a provision of EU law may in no circumstances be resolved by assuming the supremacy of the EU norm. The judgment asserted that a new stage of integration in which the CJEU’s competences go beyond those conferred on the EU and causes the Polish State to lose its sovereignty is incompatible with the Polish Constitution, which designates the Constitution as the supreme law and Poland as a democratic state.

Poland’s constitutional court ruled Thursday that Polish laws have supremacy over those of the European Union in areas where they clash. The tribunal majority said Poland’s EU membership since 2004 did not give the European court supreme legal authority and did not mean that Poland had shifted its sovereignty to the EU. In its ruling, the tribunal said that the constitution is the supreme law in Poland and every international agreement or treaty, being lower in rank, must be in accordance with it.

The thirteenth of President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points called for an independent Poland with access to the sea. On January 22, 1919, Secretary of State Robert Lansing notified Poland’s Prime Minister and Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Ignace Jan Paderewski, that the United States recognized the Provisional Polish Government. Diplomatic relations and the American Legation in Warsaw were established on May 2, 1919, when Hugh S. Gibson, the first U.S. Minister to Poland, presented his credentials.

"Poland is a parliamentary democratic representative republic with a political system based on the Polish Constitution of 1997." "On 2 April 1997, the current Constitution of the Republic of Poland was finally adopted by the National Assembly. Passed by national referendum on 25 May 1997, it came into effect on 17 October 1997." "The President is the supreme representative of Poland. He is elected for a five-year term and only may be reelected once. The president represents the country in foreign affairs, ratifies and renounces international agreements, appoints, recalls, and receives diplomatic representatives and cooperates with the government on foreign policy."

"The Constitution of the Republic of Poland is the supreme legal act that establishes the structure of the Polish state, defines its political, social, and economic foundations, and guarantees fundamental rights and freedoms to its citizens." "Adopted on 2 April 1997, it outlines the principles of democracy, rule of law, and the separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government." "The Constitution sets forth the roles and responsibilities of key state institutions, including the President, the Sejm and Senate, and the judiciary. It provides a framework for legislative processes, the protection of civil liberties, and the functioning of local governments."

The Polish Constitution of 2 April 1997 contains regulations on the position of international law in domestic law. According to Article 8, the Constitution is the supreme law of the Republic of Poland. However, Article 9 provides that the Republic of Poland must respect international law binding upon it. In the case of a conflict between a statute and an international agreement ratified upon prior consent granted by statute, the treaty takes precedence over statutes. Ratification of international agreements belongs to the prerogative of the president. The Constitution exhaustively enumerates treaties requiring the consent of Parliament for ratification.

The Polish Constitutional Tribunal’s decision of 7 October 2021 declared the unconstitutionality of several provisions of the EU Treaties as interpreted by the Court of Justice of the European Union, asserting the primacy of the Polish Constitution. As a consequence, Polish legislation conflicting with EU law cannot be discarded by Polish judges and, in practice, the effects of EU law can be made dependent on domestic legislation. The Tribunal framed this as a matter of Poland being “sovereign within the Union”, reaffirming that competences not transferred to the EU remain within the exclusive authority of Polish state organs.

Poland in The United Nations (UN) – Poland is one of the founding members of the UN. It is so-called member of the original. Formally, Poland became a full member of the OECD on 22 November 1996, when the instrument of ratification and accession of Poland to the OECD Convention was deposited. Poland became a member of the EU on 1 of May 2004, together with nine other countries, marking the culmination of a negotiation process which first began on 31 of March 1998.

"Poland is a parliamentary democratic representative republic with a political system based on the Polish Constitution of 1997." "The executive power is in the hands of the president and the Prime Minister. The former serves as the head of state whereas the latter is the head of government." "The President is the supreme representative of Poland. The president represents the country in foreign affairs, ratifies and renounces international agreements, appoints, recalls, and receives diplomatic representatives and cooperates with the government on foreign policy."

In Polish constitutional doctrine, the notions of sovereignty and independence are used interchangeably. The Preamble to the Constitution mentions the “possibility of a sovereign and democratic determination of [Poland’s] fate.” Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland states: “The Republic of Poland shall safeguard the independence and integrity of its territory…”. Doctrine distinguishes internal sovereignty, defined in the old Polish legal doctrine as “całowładność” (the competence to regulate all domestic affairs), and external sovereignty, as “samowładność” (legal independence from external factors).

Andrzej Duda, President of the Republic of Poland, addresses the general debate of the 75th Session of the General Assembly of the UN. In his speech, he refers to "the fundamental principle of international law: sovereignty and territorial integrity" and warns that "cases of violation of international law including interference in sovereignty and territorial integrity of states" must not be left unanswered by the international community. His address is made in the capacity of Poland’s head of state, representing Poland as a sovereign member of the United Nations.

Chapter I – The Republic includes: "Article 1 [Power to the people]" "Article 2 [Democratic State]" "Article 3 [Unitary State]" "Article 4 [Execution of Sovereign Power]" "Article 7 [Rule of law]" "Article 8 [Supreme law]" "Article 9 [International law]." These provisions codify that the Republic of Poland is a unitary, democratic state in which sovereign power is exercised by the nation under a supreme constitution, while respecting binding international law.

The Polonia Institute “welcomes and fully supports the position of the Constitutional Tribunal of the Republic of Poland that the shaping of the system of justice in the Republic of Poland is an element of the Polish constitutional system and sovereign identity of the Polish state. Therefore, the competence to shape the judicial system is the exclusive competence of the Republic of Poland and the Polish legislator. As such [it] shall never be transferred to the European Union or any other international body.” The statement argues that implementation in Poland of norms based on CJEU judgments that stand above or are contrary to the Polish Constitution “destroys the Polish legal system and constitutes the loss of legal sovereignty by Poland.”

The President of the Republic of Poland is the supreme representative of Poland (head of state) and the guarantor of the continuity of State authority. Poland is a republic formed on a democratic basis. The legislative power is vested in the Parliament consisting of the lower house called the Sejm and the upper house called the Senate. The executive power is vested in the President of Poland and the Council of Ministers and the judicial power is vested in courts and tribunals. The Supreme Court is the highest central judicial organ in the Republic of Poland and thus the highest court of appeal.

The Polish Constitution adopts a centralised model of constitutional review, in which the Constitutional Tribunal is empowered to review the conformity of statutes and international agreements with the Constitution. The Constitution enumerates all types of permitted legislation and also all organs empowered to enact them, structuring the domestic legal order under the supreme authority of the Constitution.

The most basic and straightforward meaning of sovereignty is international legal sovereignty, i.e. the recognition of a state by another as a subject of international law. “It is clear that despite the transformations of the international order, sovereign states, in this sense, remain a fundamental element of it, as evidenced, for example, by the emergence of new internationally recognised states. In this sense, the Polish People’s Republic was also sovereign.” The article notes that Poland, like other states, has the right to articulate its interests and cherish its differences, but that membership in the European Union has limited certain state competencies, while others, such as military security and much industrial policy, remain under Poland’s decision-making authority.

On UN Charter Day, Poland reaffirms its commitment to international law, effective multilateralism and strengthening international cooperation based on the UN Charter. The account "Poland in the UN" represents the Permanent Mission of the Republic of Poland to the United Nations and regularly posts about Poland’s role and positions within the UN system. Such communications reflect Poland acting as a sovereign state conducting its foreign policy through its UN representation.

"The current Polish Constitution was passed on May 25, 1997, almost exactly two centuries after its most famous predecessor." "Constitutions are documents containing basic principles and laws that govern a nation or a state, where the powers and duties of the government and guarantees of certain rights for the citizens are enumerated." "The Acta Henriciana ... stipulated the obligation of the crown to convene the Sejm every two years, vesting it with formulating foreign policy, selecting the Royal Advisory Council, promulgating tax laws, and reserving the right of the nobility to disobey the crown should the king breach any of these laws."

According to Article 87 of the Polish Constitution, “The sources of universally binding law of the Republic of Poland shall be: the Constitution, statutes, ratified international agreements, and regulations.” This reflects Poland’s status as a sovereign state that can conclude and ratify international agreements which then become part of its domestic legal order. The chapter on current Polish practice in the domain of state immunity discusses how Polish courts apply international law norms within the framework of Poland’s sovereign legal system.

Poland’s Constitution did not contain practical protections for judicial independence until 1989. The country’s current Constitution, ratified in 1997, contains provisions that are meant to protect judicial independence by guaranteeing the separation of powers and establishing courts as a separate branch. At its core, the constitutionally mandated judiciary is intended to be a check on legislative and executive overreach within Poland’s sovereign legal order.

"Polish Constituent Assembly at War saw finally completed and adopted the new Constitution of the republic on March 17, 1921. Polish State is a republic." This historical constitution established the Republic of Poland as a sovereign republic in the aftermath of World War I and the restoration of Polish independence.

Countries like Poland, Canada, Hungary, and the Baltic states quickly recognized our independence. The Netherlands followed on December 31, 1991. 34 years ago, Poland and Canada were the first countries to recognize Ukraine's independence. Poland supports a democratic and sovereign Ukraine, demonstrating its exercise of independent foreign policy decisions in recognizing and supporting other states.