Annex V of Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 lists sodium benzoate (No. 1, Benzoic acid, its salts and esters) as a permitted preservative in cosmetic products. The entry specifies its function as "preservative" and sets maximum concentration limits for its use in ready-for-use cosmetic products. This confirms that sodium benzoate is an approved preservative for use across cosmetic categories, which include hair care products such as shampoos.

PubChem describes sodium benzoate as the sodium salt of benzoic acid widely used as a preservative in foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is employed to prevent microbial growth due to its antimicrobial properties, especially under acidic conditions, thereby extending product shelf life.

This review notes that parabens, formaldehyde-releasers, isothiazolinones, and organic acids and their salts (such as benzoic acid and sodium benzoate) are among the most frequently used preservatives in cosmetic products. Organic acids and their salts are particularly useful in formulations with lower pH and are used in a variety of leave-on and rinse-off products.

“Most shampoos are primarily made of **water**, which acts as a solvent and carrier for other ingredients. The main active components are **surfactants**, which provide cleansing and foaming… Other key components include **conditioning agents** (such as silicones and cationic polymers), **preservatives** to prevent microbial growth, and **fragrances and colorants** to improve consumer appeal.”

A review article on shampoo formulation notes that a typical shampoo "consists of **water, detergents (surfactants), and other ingredients such as conditioners, thickeners, opacifiers, preservatives, and fragrances." It describes the base as "approximately 70–80% **water" with the main active ingredients being **surfactants** like sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate for cleansing, plus "conditioning agents (e.g., silicones, cationic polymers)" for manageability. Additional components include "**preservatives** to prevent microbial contamination" and "**fragrances and colorants**" for consumer appeal.

The review notes that “Shampoos are aqueous formulations in which **detergents (surfactants)** are the primary ingredients, usually accompanied by **conditioning agents**, **preservatives**, **fragrances**, and sometimes **colorants**. Water is the main solvent and typically constitutes the largest portion of the formula.” It cites sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate among the most commonly used anionic surfactants in shampoos.

This chapter describes that a standard shampoo base “consists of **water**, an **anionic surfactant system** (commonly sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate), and additional **co-surfactants**. To provide desirable hair feel, **conditioning agents** such as silicones and quaternary ammonium compounds are incorporated. To ensure product stability, **preservatives** (e.g. parabens, organic acids, isothiazolinones) are required, and **fragrance and color** are added to improve sensorial properties.”

The chapter describes modern shampoo as "an aqueous formulation containing **surface-active agents (surfactants) as primary detergents, together with secondary surfactants, conditioning agents, preservatives, fragrances, colorants, and other performance additives." It explains that "**water forms the major component of the product" and that primary anionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate are frequently used. Conditioning is provided by "silicone oils and cationic polymers or quaternary ammonium compounds" and microbial stability is achieved with "parabens, formaldehyde donors, or organic acid preservatives such as sodium benzoate."

This review of hair-cleansing products states that shampoos "are primarily aqueous systems containing **surfactants for cleansing**, with additional components such as **conditioning polymers or silicones**, **preservatives**, and **fragrances**." It emphasizes that "water is the largest single component" and that "anionic surfactants (for example, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate) are commonly used as the primary detergents." The paper categorizes the non-surfactant ingredients into "conditioning agents, viscosity modifiers, preservatives, and aesthetic additives including fragrance and color."

In the description of typical shampoo compositions, the patent states: “The composition comprises from about 60% to about 90% **water**; from about 5% to about 20% of a **surfactant system** comprising anionic surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate and/or sodium laureth sulfate; from about 0.1% to about 5% of one or more **conditioning agents** selected from silicones and quaternary ammonium compounds; an effective amount of **preservative**; and an effective amount of **fragrance** and optionally **colorants**.”

In discussing typical composition, the text notes that shampoos are "complex but can be considered as based on an aqueous solution (60–90% **water**) of surfactants" and that the primary surfactants are often anionic such as **SLS** and **SLES**. It adds that "formulations usually also include **conditioning agents such as silicones or cationic polymers**, **preservatives** to prevent microbial growth, and **fragrances and colorants**." The chapter groups the overall formulation into these functional categories, with other minor additives like thickeners and opacifiers present in smaller amounts.

The paper lists benzoic acid and its salts, including sodium benzoate, as classic preservatives still widely used in cosmetic formulations. These compounds act mainly by inhibiting the growth of yeasts and molds and are commonly included in formulations such as shampoos, liquid soaps, and other personal care products, often in combination with other preservatives for broad-spectrum efficacy.

The article states: "Many people may not realize that **water is the main ingredient of shampoo, accounting for 70% to 90% of the total composition. However, the water used in a shampoo formula is not ordinary tap water but rather purified and deionized." It then presents a table where typical shampoo formulas list categories including **Primary surfactants** (foaming, cleansing; e.g. Sodium Laureth Sulfate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate), **Secondary surfactants**, **Conditioners** (hair conditioning; e.g. Polyquat., silicone), **Preservatives** (e.g. Paraben, DMDMH), **Fragrance**, **Colorants**, and other functional additives. Another row lists "Deionized water – Solvent, Carrier – q.s. to 100%."

Sodium Benzoate is a commonly used preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid, a naturally occurring substance found in fruits like cranberries, plums, and apples. Due to its antimicrobial properties, it helps prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and yeast, thus extending the shelf life of cosmetic products. Its natural origin and effectiveness in preservation make sodium benzoate a popular choice in various personal care products like lotions, creams, shampoos, and makeup items, ensuring their safety and longevity.

The ingredient overview explains: "**Water (Aqua): Usually the first ingredient, acting as a solvent." It continues: "**Surfactants**: The cleaning agents that create lather and remove oil." It then lists "**Conditioning Agents**" that help soften and detangle hair, and mentions that shampoos also contain **preservatives** to prevent microbial growth, plus **fragrance** and sometimes **colorants** for aesthetic appeal. The article groups shampoo composition into these broad functional categories rather than exhaustive chemical lists.

Step 1: Water Purification and Heating – "First, add purified water to the process vessel. This water is sometimes preheated to a range of around 130–140°F or 55–60°C to increase the solvation characteristics of other components." The article notes that primary surfactants such as "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) or Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES)" are then added and that "Usually, they account for 8–15% of the composition." It later states that "Parabens or formaldehyde-releasing agents are used to inhibit the growth of bacteria and mold and enhance the shelf life of shampoo" and that "Last of all, the fragrances and colorants that give the shampoo its appeal to the sensory system are added."

A typical manufacturing process is described: "Water is metered into the process vessel. This is often heated to around 130–140℉ (55–60℃) to aid dilution/hydration of other ingredients." It then says "The first ingredient added is normally the surfactant" and that afterwards "Conditioners and other ingredients are added." The process concludes with: "pH is adjusted to the required level," and "Sodium chloride or other viscosity modifiers are added last, along with color and fragrance."

The article explains that in shampoo compounding "All the ingredients are mixed together in large, stainless steel tanks" and that these ingredients are supplied as raw materials such as surfactants, conditioners, and other additives. It notes that after compounding, the batch goes to quality control where they test "proper pH, viscosity, color, odor and other specified characteristics." While not an ingredient list, it reinforces that key functional groups in a formula include cleansing surfactants, conditioning agents, and aesthetic modifiers like color and odor.

The article notes: "**Sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium laureth sulfate are the surfactants (cleaning agents) in most shampoos. They're what creates thick, foamy lather." It gives a typical drugstore shampoo INCI list starting with "Water, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium chloride, fragrance, glycol distearate, dimethicone, sodium benzoate, citric acid, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, ... blue 1, yellow 5, Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaf extract." In this example, **water** is the main solvent, **SLES** is the primary surfactant, **dimethicone** and guar derivatives act as conditioning agents, **sodium benzoate** is a **preservative**, and **fragrance** plus "blue 1, yellow 5" are **fragrance/colorants**.

Describing shampoo formulation, the piece states: "Surfactants break down surface tension and allow dirt, oil, and other substances to be lifted from the hair. **Sulfates are commonly used as surfactants, either sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or sodium laureth sulfate (SLES)." It also notes that "**Parabens are chemicals used as preservatives for their strong antibacterial and antifungal properties" and mentions other **preservatives** like DMDM hydantoin. The article discusses that shampoos frequently include **fragrance** (which may hide multiple chemicals) and can contain **coal tar dyes** and other color additives, highlighting typical functional categories such as surfactants, preservatives, fragrances, and colorants.

Sodium Benzoate is the inactive salt of benzoic acid. It is soluble in water where it converts to benzoic acid, its active form, at a low pH. As benzoic acid, it is considered to be primarily an anti-fungal, but it shows some activity against bacteria. Sodium Benzoate is not a broad spectrum preservative for cosmetic use and should be combined with other preservatives. Sodium Benzoate is often combined with Potassium Sorbate in low pH products to provide a synergistic preservative effect against yeast and mold.

The guide describes the main manufacturing stages: "Water Purification: Water is treated using reverse osmosis to remove minerals and contaminants." It then states that in pre‑mixing, "Surfactants and water are blended in mixing tanks at controlled temperatures to create the base." Next, "Conditioning agents, thickeners, and active ingredients are added gradually" and the mixture is homogenized. Later steps include "pH and Viscosity Adjustment" and then adding other components before filling and packaging, implicitly grouping ingredients into solvent (water), surfactants, conditioning/active agents, and various additives.

The project report outlines that "The manufacturing process can be broken down into two steps. First a large batch of shampoo is made, and then the batch is packaged in individual bottles." In the compounding step, it instructs to "Add all the ingredients in the proportionate ratio" and then describes a quality control step before filling. Although it does not list specific ingredients, it treats shampoo as a mixture of multiple raw materials added to a water-based batch, consistent with typical categories like surfactants, conditioners, preservatives, and sensory agents.

A typical preservative used in hair care products to increase shelf life and stop bacterial and fungal growth is sodium benzoate. In shampoos, conditioners, and other hair care formulations, it helps prevent contamination and spoilage caused by microorganisms. It is commonly used in low concentrations that are considered safe for cosmetic use under current regulations.

The page describes sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) as “a widely used **anionic surfactant in shampoo formulations**… typically used at 10–25% in shampoo formulations, often as the **primary surfactant**.” It notes that SLES is combined with co-surfactants and thickeners and that “this effect [harshness] is minimized in well-formulated shampoos that include **conditioning agents (e.g., silicones, polyquaterniums, or natural oils)**.”

The presentation on shampoo formulation (viewable as slides) defines shampoo as a product formulated with surfactants in a suitable vehicle. One slide (visible in the text preview) summarizes the process steps: "1. Fill tank with water 2. Begin heating 3. Add surfactants 4. Add functional ingredients 5. Increase mixing speed ... 6. Cool mixture 7. Add preservatives 8. Adjust pH." This reflects ingredient categories such as water as the main vehicle, surfactants as cleansers, functional/conditioning ingredients, and preservatives added toward the end.

The handbook chapter states that shampoos “are aqueous surfactant preparations usually consisting of **water**, **anionic surfactants** as the main detergents (e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate), **amphoteric or nonionic co-surfactants**, and various additives such as **conditioning polymers or silicones**, **preservatives**, **fragrances**, and **colorants**.” It highlights cationic conditioning agents, including quaternary ammonium compounds, as common for improving hair feel.

Sodium Benzoate is a widely used preservative in the cosmetic and personal care industry. Known for its effectiveness in preventing microbial growth, it prevents the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast, ensuring products remain safe for use. It is marketed as cosmetic grade quality, formulated specifically for use in cosmetic products, and is compliant with cosmetic safety standards and regulations.

Sodium Benzoate is a synthetic preservative derived from benzoic acid, which is naturally found in plants. It is used primarily in foods, beverages, and cosmetics to prevent microbial growth and extend the shelf life of products. The article notes: "We use Sodium Benzoate in our products because it is a food-grade preservative that prevents the growth of mold and bacteria. It ensures our products remain safe, fresh, and effective for longer periods of time."

Sodium benzoate is used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products. It functions as an antimicrobial agent, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in products to help maintain product integrity and safety. It is listed with the function "preservative" in the European Union’s CosIng database for cosmetic ingredients.

The narrated video describes industrial production: after water and surfactants are blended, "typically the main surfactant is added first, followed by secondary surfactants and conditioning agents" in large tanks. Later, after homogenization and pH adjustment (with acids or bases), it notes that "the final ingredient to be added is usually the fragrance" before final mixing and packaging. This sequence reflects core ingredient groups: water, surfactants, conditioning agents, and fragrances, with other additives like pH adjusters and stabilizers implied.

In standard cosmetic formulation, sodium benzoate is typically used at concentrations up to about 0.5–1% as part of the preservative system in water-based products such as shampoos, shower gels, and facial cleansers. It is usually combined with other preservatives or acidulants to ensure sufficient antimicrobial efficacy across bacteria, yeasts, and molds.

The video explains that shampoo production starts with water "that has been purified to remove any minerals or contaminants," which is then heated. Once the water reaches the target temperature, "surfactants are added" as the primary cleansing agents. Later segments show the addition of other components including conditioning agents and, in a subsequent step, fragrance, before the mixture is homogenized and pumped to the filling line. This supports the notion that water, surfactants, conditioners, and fragrance form distinct ingredient groups.