Under the heading "Race and Hispanic Origin" for the United States, the Census Bureau lists "White alone, percent" as 74.2% and "White alone, not Hispanic or Latino, percent" as 57.9% for July 1, 2023 population estimates. These figures indicate that White people (including and excluding Hispanics) constitute the largest racial group in the U.S. population.

In the national data table on child victims by race and ethnicity, the 2022 report states: "Most victims were from three races or ethnicities: White (44.9 percent), Hispanic (21.5 percent), and African American (19.6 percent)." It further notes that American Indian or Alaska Native and African American children have the highest *rates* of victimization, but in terms of absolute numbers, White children account for the largest share of substantiated victims.

In the section 'Race and Ethnicity of Victims,' the report states: 'For 2022, 42.8 percent of victims were White, 20.4 percent were Black or African American, and 24.2 percent were Hispanic.' It adds that American Indian or Alaska Native children and Black children have the highest rates of victimization per 1,000 children of the same race or ethnicity, but the largest absolute number of victims is White.

The 2021 report section on "Victims by Race and Ethnicity" notes: "Most victims were from three races or ethnicities: White (44.5 percent), Hispanic (22.7 percent), and African American (20.0 percent)." The report explains that these percentages are based on the national count of child victims ages 0–17 whose maltreatment was substantiated by child protective services.

In FY 2021, 57,287 cases were reported to the Commission involving sexual abuse offenses. Of the offenders, 57.5% were White, 16.1% were Black, 12.1% were Native American, 11.8% were Hispanic, and 2.5% were Other races. 93.6% of sexual abuse offenders were men.

OJJDP’s Statistical Briefing Book FAQ on perpetrators of child maltreatment states: 'In 2023, of people who perpetrated childhood maltreatment, more than three-quarters (76%) were parents to the victim(s), 52% were female, 47% were white, and 41% were between the ages of 25–34.' For 2020 it notes: 'In 2020, of people who perpetrated childhood maltreatment, more than three-quarters (77%) were parents to the victim(s), 52% were female, 48% were white.'

The 2023 Child Maltreatment report section 'Race and Ethnicity of Perpetrators' shows that, among perpetrators with known race, the largest proportion are White. The table reports that approximately half of perpetrators are White, with smaller percentages who are Black or African American, Hispanic, or of other races. The report emphasizes that these proportions reflect absolute counts of perpetrators for whom race/ethnicity was reported.

Summarizing the federal Child Maltreatment 2022 data, CWLA reports: "For fiscal year 2022, there are nationally an estimated 558,899 victims of child abuse and neglect." It states that "Most victims were from three races or ethnicities: White (44.9 percent), Hispanic (21.5 percent), and African American (19.6 percent)." The same summary notes that American Indian or Alaska Native and African American children have the highest *rates* of victimization per 1,000 children in their respective populations.

The summary of the federal Child Maltreatment 2017 report states: "Most victims were from three races or ethnicities: White (44.6 percent), Hispanic (22.3 percent), and African-American (20.7 percent)." It also reports that "The three largest categories for perpetrator race or ethnicity were White (50.3 percent), African-American (20.7 percent), and Hispanic (18.6 percent)." These percentages refer to absolute counts of identified victims and perpetrators in NCANDS data for 2017.

Table FAM7.A presents annual rates of substantiated maltreatment per 1,000 children by race and Hispanic origin, based on NCANDS data. It shows that American Indian/Alaska Native and Black children have the highest *rates* of substantiated maltreatment, but accompanying documentation notes that in absolute numbers, White children represent the largest share of child maltreatment victims because they are the largest racial group in the child population.

Statista’s table on child abuse perpetrators by race/ethnicity states: 'In 2022, about 194,164 perpetrators of child abuse in the United States were white.' It adds that 'in that same year, about 83,314 perpetrators of child abuse were Hispanic, and 25,092 were of unknown ethnic origin.' The white category is the largest numeric group among listed racial and ethnic categories.

This study notes that 'Childhood maltreatment is a significant social problem in the U.S., and official reports, based on child protective services (CPS) data, indicate that as many as 702,000 children were victimized in 2009 for an overall rate of 9.3 victims per 1,000 children.' It reports that 'CPS data indicate that the victimization rate is approximately twice as high for Black (15.1 per 1000) than White (7.8 per 1000) children' and that its own sample showed 'significantly higher rates of childhood maltreatment among Blacks (25.0%) than Whites (17.5%).'

This NCANDS-based indicator reports the number and percentage of child victims ages 0–17 by race and ethnicity. For the United States totals in recent years, the table shows the highest numeric counts of confirmed victims among children classified as White, followed by Hispanic and Black children. The data description clarifies that figures represent "children who are subject to at least one substantiated report of maltreatment in a given year."

In its section on perpetrator demographics, the 2019 report states that among perpetrators with known race or ethnicity, "the three largest groups were White (50.5 percent), African American (19.5 percent), and Hispanic (18.2 percent)." In the victims section, it similarly notes that most child victims were White, followed by Hispanic and African American, reflecting the larger size of the White population even as victimization rates are higher for some minority groups.

Analyzing national data on fatal child abuse and neglect (CAN), the authors report: "Black, Hispanic, and White children accounted for 36.3% (n = 2246), 14.5% (n = 894), and 41.1% (n = 2541) of fatal CAN victims, respectively." They note that "Black, non-Hispanic children have the highest CAN fatality rate" per 100,000 children, but the absolute number of White victims is larger than any other racial group.

Using NCANDS data, the authors write: "Black children have the highest risk of confirmed maltreatment at 18.4%. The second highest group-specific cumulative risk of this event is 15.8% for American Indian/Alaska Native children. Hispanic and White children have the next highest risks, at 11.0% and 10.5%, respectively." Although risk (rate) differs by group, the authors note that because White children are the largest racial group nationally, they comprise the largest number of children ever confirmed as maltreatment victims.

Kidsdata explains that its tables show 'Number of children ages 0–17 with reports of abuse or neglect, by race/ethnicity' and 'Number of children ages 0–17 with reports of abuse or neglect per 1,000 children, by race/ethnicity.' It notes that 'Children of color, particularly American Indian/Alaska Native and African American/Black children, are overrepresented in the child welfare system' and that their rates of reports and substantiated maltreatment are more than double those for White children, even though Whites are numerically a large group in the population.

World Population Review’s national summary states: “The US white population percentage is 75.32% in 2026, making white Americans the largest racial group in the country.” It adds that while White Americans remain the majority nationally, “the percentage varies significantly by state, ranging from over 90% in some states to below 50% in others.”

The National Children’s Alliance summarizes federal data, stating that 'American Indian or Alaska Native children have the highest rate of victimization at 14.3 per 1,000 children in the population of the same race or ethnicity, while African American children have the second-highest rate at 12.1 per 1,000.' It emphasizes that child abuse 'affects children of every gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religion, and in every community,' and that most child victims are abused by a parent or legal guardian.

Drawing on Census Bureau data, the report notes: “Although the White population continued to represent the largest racial and ethnic group in the U.S., their share of the overall population decreased from 69.1 percent in 2002 to 59.2 percent in 2022.” The accompanying chart shows White as the largest single racial group for each year in the 2002–2022 period.

Using Census 2020 data, Pew states: “As of 2020, 57.8% of the U.S. population was White,* 18.7% was Hispanic, 12.1% was Black* and 5.9% was Asian.* Another 4.1% were people of two or more races.*” The asterisk indicates that these percentages refer to non-Hispanic single-race categories, with non-Hispanic White remaining the largest group.

A Stanford Medicine news release on a peer-reviewed study reports: 'Black children are over-reported as suspected victims of child abuse when they have traumatic injuries, even after accounting for poverty.' It notes that 'White children comprised 51% of suspected child abuse victims and 66% of the general population of injured children,' and that medical professionals 'had a higher threshold for suspecting white families of abuse and a lower threshold for suspecting Black families.'

In its "Race and Ethnicity" section, Data USA reports that the three largest ethnic groups in the United States are: “White (Non-Hispanic): 192M ± 30.9k, Black or African American (Non-Hispanic): 39.9M ± 46.7k, [and] Other (Hispanic): 34.9M ± 157k.” The visualization shows White (Non-Hispanic) as the largest group by absolute number.

In the U.S., Black and Latinx children are significantly more likely to be referred to child protective services for physical and sexual abuse compared with White children. The article examines racial/ethnic and gender disparities in substantiation of child maltreatment and provides supporting evidence that Black and Latinx children are overrepresented in referral and substantiation processes.

The article states that “As of the latest American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2024, an estimated 59.8% of the U.S. population—approximately 203.3 million people—identify as White alone, while Non-Hispanic Whites account for 56.3% of the population, or roughly 191.4 million people.” It also notes that “White Americans constitute the majority of the 332 million people living in the United States, with 71% of the population in the 2020 United States census, including 61.6% who identified as ‘white alone’.”

The child abuse rate in the United States is highest among American Indian or Alaska Native victims, followed by African-American victims. This is secondary statistical compilation rather than a primary source, but it aligns with federal and academic reporting on racial disparities in child maltreatment.

Across successive federal "Child Maltreatment" reports covering NCANDS data (e.g., 2015–2022), the distribution of child victims by race and ethnicity consistently shows that the largest *numeric* share of substantiated victims is White, followed by Hispanic and Black children. Similarly, these reports show that among identified perpetrators, roughly half are classified as White, with African American and Hispanic perpetrators making up the next largest groups. This pattern aligns with the fact that White people make up the largest portion of the U.S. population, even though per‑capita victimization and perpetration rates are higher for some minority groups.